Globalization Is A Key Component Of A Corporation s...

Globalization is a particular process driven by international trade and investment intentions that works to integrate the companies, people, and governments of different nations. Globalization has an impact on several key factors of the global nations and citizens. Just a few of the things impacted by globalization are the environment, political systems, culture, economic development, prosperity, quality of life, and the well-being of people in societies around the world. Information technology has been a major driving force behind globalization and that information technology has now become a key component of a corporation’s global business strategy. Advancements in information technology have dramatically influenced economic life, as well as giving consumers, investors, and businesses valuable new tools for identifying and pursuing economic opportunities throughout the world. Information technology and tools based on IT enabled them to identify the economic trends happening globally more securely, as well as letting people involved in economic transactions and collaborations work more conveniently with people located in other regions throughout the world (Jilberto, 2002). Regionalization (Whiting,1996) in economic terms illustrates and encompasses the way the communities within a region, like governments, the people of the state, and regional associations, pool their material and non-material resources to build up associations for better economic functionalities. TheShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Of Business : Globalization1486 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization in Business: Globalization refers to the changes in the world where we are moving away from self-contained countries and toward a more integrated world. Globalization of business is the change in a business from a company associated with a single country to one that operates in multiple countries. Impact of Globalization: Market globalization is the decline in barriers to selling in countries other than the home country. This change will make it easier for your company to begin sellingRead MoreGlobalization Of Business : Globalization1486 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization in Business: Globalization refers to the changes in the world where we are moving away from self-contained countries and toward a more integrated world. Globalization of business is the change in a business from a company associated with a single country to one that operates in multiple countries. Impact of Globalization: Market globalization is the decline in barriers to selling in countries other than the home country. This change will make it easier for your company to begin sellingRead MoreIndian Bpos- Waking Up the Philippines Opportunity1435 Words   |  6 PagesIndian BPOs- Waking up the Philippines Opportunity Analysis The Indian labor market has always been key in globalization, and has been attractive due to its low wages, and the scientific and managerial talent found in the country. The main issues faced in this case mostly stem from the loss of the tax abatement in India, in addition to the weakening US dollar. Due to these two issues, doing business in India versus other fruitful options like Philippines becomes very expensive. These are major challengesRead MoreGlobal Organization And Its Impact On The Global Economy1251 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The companies have become a key parameter, especially in the global economy. The size of global companies closely correlated with the decrease of vulnerabilities, with higher resistance to economic shocks occurred along the time and with their bigger chances of success in certain markets. Companies aim not only to optimize their size, but also to strengthen the global production networks, affording them a better competitive position, in a mighty competitive environment and under theRead MoreRunning Head : Apple Inc.1637 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: APPLE INC. Apple Inc. is a technological corporation that offers personal communication devices and the solutions to the related software,. The products produced by Apple Inc. include; iPhone, iPad, Mac, Apple Television, iPod, software applications, the iOS and OSX operating systems, iCloud, and many different accessories and the support offerings. Apple Inc. is also a supplier of digital content and applications via the services and support offerings. The products sellRead MoreInternal External Factors - Apple Inc.1403 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Innovation Innovation is an internal factor of business that has served as the cornerstone for Apple’s success as a technology giant. â€Å"Arguably one of the most innovative technology companies to emerge in the last three decades,† Apple has masterfully applied the four functions of management to their business strategy (Finkle and Mallin, 2011, p. 63). The first function, planning, focuses on the company’s strategy to set out and achieve their organizational goals. The technologyRead MoreExploring Multi Project Management And Its Impact On Either Market Or Organizational Performance Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesto use many proprietary components for each project, therefore requires extensive financial and engineering resources. In order to achieve economies, firms may want to reuse effectively existing technologies and design within the firm or may want to share more components among multiple product development projects without sacrificing an individual product s d esign quality and distinctiveness. Since the management of the new product has become an important issue in global automobile industry competitiveRead MoreGlobalization : Case Study1426 Words   |  6 Pages Globalization: Case Study MGT 3120 Prof. Banai Brandon Klein, Julia Leung, Craig Livorsi, Jovany Mujica When you think of Harley-Davidson, you think of an all-American male riding on the open roads of the United States. It is an iconic American brand and well known to exude confidence and â€Å"cool†. However, with a vibrant history in the American culture, Harley-Davidson soon reached a point where they needed to expand their company. They needed to globalize their version of â€Å"American adventure†Read MoreMarketing Strategies And Global Logistics Under Globalisation Essay1056 Words   |  5 PagesIn the article, â€Å"Marketing Strategies and Global Logistics Under Globalisation,† the author Dr. Khalil Alkanaani discusses the global logistics and marketing strategies under globalisation, in which companies must take the necessary steps to overcome the risk that are associated with foreign markets, as well as, restrictions and policies. The key to understanding the essence of globalisation is found in the reasons why commodity flows and divisions of production occur. Which is highly important sinceRead MoreCapstone Assignment 41313 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment #4 Me’Shaw A. Taylor HwangJi Lu BUS499 8/24/12 For the corporation that has acquired another company, merged with another company, or been acquired by another company, evaluate the strategy that led to the merger or acquisition to determine whether or not this merger or acquisition was a wise choice. Justify your opinion. The merger I choose to research was the acquisition of Pixar by Disney. The merger between Disney and Pixar was a very successful one. They worked together

Marjane Satrapi s The Iranian Revolution Of 1979

One result of the Islamic Revolution of 1979 was that women were forced by law to wear the compulsory hijab. At first, not many people took this seriously and many peaceful protests were organized. Eventually, women began to suffer at the hands of the government for refusing to submit. In this novel, Marjane is an Iranian girl living during the turmoil of the Islamic Revolution and eventually the Iran-Iraq War. She is invested in the politics of her world even from a very young age, though her views are a little skewed due to lack of direct experience. As she grows, however, her loyalty to her religion and her country warps and fades as she comes face-to-face with the reality of the world rather than her simplified and romanticized†¦show more content†¦Since she must imagine them herself, her perception of the world around her can often be proven wrong. She has to learn this through her own experience rather than reading it in a book. Though she is not specifically re belling against anything, it was unusual for a girl her age to be so invested in the political scene of the country. Many of her friends were aware of what was going on, but Marjane had a much deeper dedication to learning everything she possibly could about the turmoil. She often expressed interest in wanting to join her parents at demonstrations around the city to protest the rule of the Shah. Marjane was not allowed, of course, but this desire to be a part of a change was indicative of her rebellious nature and political activism later in her life. During the awkward period between young child and teenager, Marjane explores new concepts like forgiveness and loss that begin to shape her viewpoint. She copes with people of opposing viewpoints and the death of her beloved uncle, Anoosh. As she grows, she becomes more and more reckless. One time she cuts class with some of her older friends and her mother gets very upset with her. In return, Marjane doesn t understand her moth er s reaction and gets mad as well. As a symbolic message, she smokes a stolenShow MoreRelatedPersepolis Is The Realistic Novel1476 Words   |  6 PagesPersepolis is the realistic novel about the life Marjane in pre and post progressive war in Iran and her transition in Europe. The novel explains Satrap’s development from young sge to defiant punk-cherishing adolescent in Iran. Importantly, its mostly it covered Satrap growing strains of the political atmosphere in Iran in during the 70s and 80s, with individuals from her liberal inclining family kept and afterward executed, and the foundation of the grievous Iran/Iraq war. This novel also explainsRead MoreAnalysis Of Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi1336 Words   |  6 Pagesthe veil in order to follow their religion. Marjane Satrapi as the narrator demonstrates how women were disempowered because they had to follow government ideals for society. Nevertheless after the revolution although women s possibilities were opened they were also controlled by the government. Women weren t equal compare to men due to Iran’s constitution passed on 1979. It all began on September 16th, 1941, when Reza Shah replaced his father s throne. Creating an â€Å"Ideal Revolutionary Women†Read MoreThe Feminist Movement By Marjane Satrapi2711 Words   |  11 Pages1900’s, conversely, has sparked a worldwide effort by women to fight for more freedoms equality, known as the feminist movement. The feminist movement follows the feminist theory, which provides an outline of the inequalities and oppressions women face. Women’s roles in the workplace, home and in society have vastly changed since this feminist push. It is the result of grassroots movements and individual efforts that has allowed w omen to gain more power and parity. In Persepolis, by Marjane SatrapiRead MoreIranian Education During The Islamic Revolution Essay1379 Words   |  6 Pages Iranian Education during the Islamic Revolution During the Islamic Revolution in the Iranian country, education was essential to the people. Shah wanted the Western education because he believed that it was best for the Iranian people. Most of the women were involved in the demonstration of wearing the veil has some western education. The Islamic revolution wanted things to go back to the original Islamic culture. BasedRead MoreThe Iranian Revolution And The Islamic Revolution Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Islamic Revolution in the Iran, education was essential to the people. Sha wanted the Western education because he believed that it was best for Iranian people. Most of the women were involved in the demonstration of wearing the veil has some western education. The Islamic revolution wanted things to go back on the Islamic culture. Based on the complete Persepolis, in 1979, a revolution took place, and later called â€Å"The Islamic Revolution†. This is the period they were forcing people toRead MoreContext I nquiry Report : Persepolis1323 Words   |  6 PagesContext Inquiry Report: Persepolis Textual Layout: Throughout the graphical novel it can be seen that Satrapi places the main text and ideas above the image, along with small speech bubbles to represent dialogue between individuals in the images. She may have done so for the purpose of ensuring that the main ideas and text are clear to read. The speech bubbles in the images can be considered to be the supporting bits of detail that enrich the overall understanding of the topic. The images also lackRead MoreThe Islamic Revolution And The Iranian Revolution Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Islamic Revolution in the Iranian country, education was essential to the people. Shah wanted the Western education because he believed that it was best for the Iranian people. Most of the women’s were involved in the demonstration of wearing the veil has some western education. The Islamic revolution wanted things to go back to the original Islamic culture. Based on the Complete Persepolis, in 1979, a revolution took place and later called â€Å"The Islamic Revolution†. This is the periodRead More Marjane Satrapis Persepolis3668 Words   |  15 PagesIn the 1970s a great power struggle began in Iran, leading to a profusion of civil unrest and mass emigration. In 1941 Iranian monarch Reza Shah, was removed from power by the United States and replaced by his son, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who Westernized the highly conservative and religious nation. He continued implementing the Westernized laws set by his father, which were known to discouraged democratic political expression in the public sphere and condemned Islamic fundamentalismRead MorePersepolis: perceptions of the veil1546 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Persepolis; Perceptions of the veil [Satrapi, (b) p52] â€Å"And say to the believing woman that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty...that they should draw their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty...† SÃ… «rah 24:31 The autobiographical novel â€Å"Persepolis† depicts the early stages of its author, Marjane Satrapi’s life. It shows her growing up in Iran, to her studies in Vienna, and her return. In an interview in 2008, she stated that she composedRead MoreThe Women Behind The Veil2291 Words   |  10 Pagesa symbol of obedience, respect or modesty which is otherwise an example of an oppressed patriarchal society. Author Marjane Satrapi’s novel Persepolis, exposes the regime behind this oppression of the Iran woman and compares western cultural expectations to that of Iranian culture. Yet, even behind the confinements of the veil many women are finding ways to rebel against the Iranian society’s oppression and find their own individual identities under strict conformities. By design the veil is meant

The Bean Trees- Outsider Free Essays

In The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver, being an outsider is not just one main theme, but it is one theme that is reoccurring throughout the whole book. When someone is an outsider, they are different from everyone else, and somewhat stand out. Right off the bat, outsiders don’t fit into commonly used stereotypes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bean Trees- Outsider or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kingsolver uses Taylor, Turtle, Esperanza, and Estevan to portray this theme. Taylor is an outsider because she is just not a typical girl. Unlike many other girls in her town, Taylor does not want to become pregnant. In fact, she wants to graduate from high-school, or at least intended to, and wants to have a good future. Even though Taylor doesn’t want to get pregnant, she gets stuck with being a mother anyways. Taylor travels to find a more meaningful life, but she still feel like she doesn’t fit in, or even belong. Because Taylor doesn’t share any specific ‘bond’ with anyone, she is an outsider. Later on in the novel, she meets Esperanza and Estevan, who share common values as her. Turtle, Taylor’s adoptive daughter is as well an outsider. As Turtle was abused, she suffers to be an outsiders to her own body. Because of this, Turtle will never develop mentally as quick as other children her age. For the first half of The Bean Trees, Turtle is silent. She cannot communicate with others, as her own words are trapped inside of her body, causing her to be an outsider from the ones who love and surround her. Kingsolver converts the message that many different barriers can cause people to become outsiders, as Turtle’s is a language barrier. When turtle finally overcomes these barriers and finds someone who shares common strengths and weaknesses, she is finally an insider. Esperanza is living in a country where she is not welcomes because of her culture. She was forced to give up her own child, and does not express herself because of a language barrier. Everyday, she lives holding her emotions inside, feeling as an outsider, thinking she doesn’t even belong here, which eventually bottles up, and leads her to try and kill herself. Although she is married, she is still missing a puzzle piece, her daughter. Estevan is clearly an outsider, as well is his wife, Esperanza, because they are immigrants. Estevan is used to all of the hate against immigrants, and he becomes accustomed to being an outsider. Estevan states â€Å"What I really hate is not belonging in any place. To be unwanted everywhere. † Conveying these thoughts, Estevan believes him nor his wife, Esperanza, have a place in society. Later in the novel, Taylor, Esperanza, and Estevan become insiders as they find outsiders who they share common morals and bonds with. In life, everyone has numerous obstacles and barriers they think they may never overcome, but once they do, they are finally able to communicate to the world and create friendships with people who have similar interests. When everyone comes together as a family, each and every person is finally appreciated for every attribute that makes them unique. Being an outsider is not particularly a bad thing, as it might just be what keeps one human and especially different from everyone else. How to cite The Bean Trees- Outsider, Essay examples

The Bean Trees- Outsider Free Essays

In The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver, being an outsider is not just one main theme, but it is one theme that is reoccurring throughout the whole book. When someone is an outsider, they are different from everyone else, and somewhat stand out. Right off the bat, outsiders don’t fit into commonly used stereotypes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bean Trees- Outsider or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kingsolver uses Taylor, Turtle, Esperanza, and Estevan to portray this theme. Taylor is an outsider because she is just not a typical girl. Unlike many other girls in her town, Taylor does not want to become pregnant. In fact, she wants to graduate from high-school, or at least intended to, and wants to have a good future. Even though Taylor doesn’t want to get pregnant, she gets stuck with being a mother anyways. Taylor travels to find a more meaningful life, but she still feel like she doesn’t fit in, or even belong. Because Taylor doesn’t share any specific ‘bond’ with anyone, she is an outsider. Later on in the novel, she meets Esperanza and Estevan, who share common values as her. Turtle, Taylor’s adoptive daughter is as well an outsider. As Turtle was abused, she suffers to be an outsiders to her own body. Because of this, Turtle will never develop mentally as quick as other children her age. For the first half of The Bean Trees, Turtle is silent. She cannot communicate with others, as her own words are trapped inside of her body, causing her to be an outsider from the ones who love and surround her. Kingsolver converts the message that many different barriers can cause people to become outsiders, as Turtle’s is a language barrier. When turtle finally overcomes these barriers and finds someone who shares common strengths and weaknesses, she is finally an insider. Esperanza is living in a country where she is not welcomes because of her culture. She was forced to give up her own child, and does not express herself because of a language barrier. Everyday, she lives holding her emotions inside, feeling as an outsider, thinking she doesn’t even belong here, which eventually bottles up, and leads her to try and kill herself. Although she is married, she is still missing a puzzle piece, her daughter. Estevan is clearly an outsider, as well is his wife, Esperanza, because they are immigrants. Estevan is used to all of the hate against immigrants, and he becomes accustomed to being an outsider. Estevan states â€Å"What I really hate is not belonging in any place. To be unwanted everywhere. † Conveying these thoughts, Estevan believes him nor his wife, Esperanza, have a place in society. Later in the novel, Taylor, Esperanza, and Estevan become insiders as they find outsiders who they share common morals and bonds with. In life, everyone has numerous obstacles and barriers they think they may never overcome, but once they do, they are finally able to communicate to the world and create friendships with people who have similar interests. When everyone comes together as a family, each and every person is finally appreciated for every attribute that makes them unique. Being an outsider is not particularly a bad thing, as it might just be what keeps one human and especially different from everyone else. How to cite The Bean Trees- Outsider, Essay examples

Strategic Orientation In Change Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Strategic Orientation In Change Management? Answer: Introducation Organizations often undergo changes in their structure, management and leadership within the course of doing business. In order to meaningfully undertake such changes, they are called upon to make use of the different models and theories on change management. The theories are helpful in several different considerations for such organizations. They help to assess the organization at the macro level in order to give the leaders a clear direction on the expected change. The driving force that drives the change is also revealed and how the change process will occur in terms of stages, timing and the characteristics of the process. The process of change is also defined in the different models and this address issues such as change content, outcomes and measurements. Organizational change at ANZ bank began by employing the Lewins management of change theory where the organization underwent the process of unfreezing, change and freezing again. The changes undertaken at ANZ banking group was teleological in nature as it was change that was planned. This model of change emphasizes on organizational norms, values and attitudes (George 2016). The change model instituted can best be understood as organizational development strategy that utilized the McKinsey 7S model of change while the leaders involve employed different styles and traits of leading. Theories applicable Lewin's theory is posited on three stages of change which are: unfreeze, change and freeze. The unfreeze stage prepares the organization for the expected change and to remove the barriers that impede it. At ANZ, McFarlane instituted changes that not only prepared the employees but also the community and customers for change. He freezed the ongoing bank closure directive that was being implemented and this was followed by a drive to cut costs. The resultant thousands of jobs lost was a signal the bank would undergo change. The actual change process began in 2007 when McFarlane and the leadership team decided to implement an organizational strategy of change (Skalik 2016). This was known as Perform, Grow and Breakout. This strategy was intended to increase shareholder value and increase financial performance. It was also focused on strengthening the brand, leadership and revenue. Building the foundation for leadership that is sustainable aimed at long-term success was also incorporated within the strategy of change ( Vladimir-Codrin 2014).The parameters that would guide the change and allow for employee input came after undertaking a performance ethic and assessment of values survey. The change was actualized through three initiatives that involved breakout workshops, breakout consulting and charters. The breakout program was essentially focused on cultural transformation at the institution. After the change, McFarlane undertook the last process which was to consolidate the gains made during the process of change. This was done within the consideration of performance management that would freeze the new paradigm expected of the employees. The consolidation stage is intended to ensure that the result of the process is long lasting and permanent (Langley, Smallman, and Tsoukas Van De Ven 2013). The process factored in four critical key result areas (KRAs): community measures, people, customers and financial performance. It would be carried out practically in three phases which include Performance planning, coaching and assessment. The McKinsey 7S model The McKinsey 7S model can also be used to analyze the transformation at the bank with more detail at the component level. The model is underpinned by seven stages which guide the process of change (Nielsen Abdilgaard 2013). These are: strategy, structure, systems, shared values, style, skills and staff. The strategy embraced by the leadership of ANZ bank was named as Perform, Grow and Breakout. The structure of ANZ is split into five divisions which work in collaboration as one. These are the Shared services, Institutional and those based in New Zealand, Asia Pacific and Australia. The structure of reporting is interactive with the line managers through the Performance Assessment that is done yearly. The process of change focused on developing the skills of the employees through programs such as the Emerging Leader Radar Talent which is run by line and HR managers. Additionally, the bank runs a graduate trainee program which allows for the graduate to develop a skill set that is broad in order to have a better understanding of the business. The focus is to develop leadership potentials of the employees (Campbell 2014). Staff considerations are based on controlling the volume while increasing productivity based on the banks balance sheet paying for performance. The philosophy on staff is to have fewer employees who are better paid and more productive. The style taken by the managers at the higher echelons is the one of coaching the employees. The managers are expected to implement long-term development plans for the employees in order to ensure they have learning opportunities and support in order to succeed in their jobs (Farrell 2015). The process of change resulted in shared organizational values which include integrity, collaboration and accountability. Other values espoused are respect and excellence both at the organizational and personal level. Quantz et al (2017), states that these values drive the organizational culture where the employee is expected to perform at their best and factor in the best interests of all stakeholders. Challenges for managers in implementing transformation strategies One of the challenges that managers are confronted with is the resistance to change experienced with an organization. The bias against the change that prefers to maintain the status quo originates due to several fears amongst the employees. Jiang, Probst Benson (2014), state that the fear could that of losing employment, working more for less pay or transfer to divisions which may be far away. The resistance may be active or passive amongst the employees. Smollan (2017), states that one approach for the manager would be to take time in informal sittings where they can listen to the employees, communicate the intended change and prepare them psychologically. Another challenge is ineffective communication that results in the manager being misinterpreted or misunderstood. This also leads to distrust with the employees. The lack of effective communication may also affect the senior management. The remedial measure that managers may be undertaken is to have a clear internal corporate communication strategy that is clear in order to l address issues such as employee complaints and grievances, conflict which is interpersonal and discipline during the process of change ( Nielsen Randall 2012). Feedback from employees should be appropriately communicated to the senior management and the organizational leadership. Another challenge is the strategy which focuses on cost cutting which may be beneficial in the short- run but may prove to be short sighted in hindsight. An example is McFarlane who bailed out of emerging markets in order to lower the risk profile of the bank. The bank was left behind by its competitors in wealth management by the banks that had made significant acquisitions. While trying to avoid making errors, there is the potential problem of being risk averse which ultimately turns out to be negative in its outcomes. The change came at the cost of avoiding stepping out of the comfort zone that is established by focusing on cultural change alone. The cultural web can be used in the process of cultural change within an organization. The new paradigm can be symbolized by changing the company logo, office layout and the code of dressing. This creates a visual representation that is set out by the organization in the process of change. Rituals and routines can also play a vital role in instilling into the employee certain actions expected of them on a daily basis. The meetings also serve as the point to reinforce the statements of the commitment to change (Christofilos, DeMatteo Penciner 2015). The power structure that invests real authority in one or two persons is important during the process of change. The persons with power should act as the champions of change and should have influence. The style of leadership they chose is critical in leading the process of change. The work life balance of the leader is important in motivating the employees to adopt change. Transformational leadership is the ideal style of leading in transformation and can be seen in McFarlane who championed himself as a well rounded individual (Kezar 2001). It is this human face a leader that he proposed to bring to the bank- a bank with a human face. This is important for the employees in balancing their personal and professional life as well as identifying whether they are square holes or round holes. The change champion embodied in the leader is critical in helping employees make the right choices. The ADKAR (awareness, desire, knowledge, ability and reinforcement) model of change is helpful in aligning the business side of change with the people concerned within the organization. Kiani Shah (2014), state that it begins with awareness as to why there is need for change and is followed by the desire to change and engage in participation which is the result of management to the resistance. Knowledge about the outcomes of change should come from education, coaching and training. The ability to implement the change should be the goal that targets the performance level of the employee. Reinforcement which fits with the Lewins freeze stage is meant to ensure that the change is permanent and results from action that is corrective. Specific leadership attributes in the case study The leadership at ANZ can be narrowed down to four principle people: McFarlane, the managers, Michael Smith and Charles Goode. McFarlanes style of leading is both visionary and transformational. The visionary aspect can be seen in the approach taken together with his leadership team in unveiling the Perform, Grow and Breakout strategy. He does not exclusively set out to give direction alone but works with a team in setting out the vision which is then presented to the employees (Al-Ali, Singh, Al-Nahyan Sohan 2017). His visionary leadership is built on the expertise he gained having worked successfully at senior postings in Ford, Citibank and Standard Chartered Bank. At this critical stage of change, the bank needed new vision which McFarlane brought onboard. He also exhibits the transformational leadership style that embodies qualities that inspire change. The quality of individualized consideration probes the employee to question whether they are round holes or square ones within the organization and sets them on the course of self development (Arif, Kashif Sindu 2007). Inspirational motivation is manifest in providing the meaning for the expected change. Employees will be remunerated according to their input to the balance sheet and this gives them the sense of purpose in embracing change. This style is delivered within traits that show social boldness and being tough minded. He reverses the decision to close down branches and retreat from rural areas. He also implements cost cutting measures that result in the loss of thousands of jobs. The managers within the framework of change are expected to meet regularly with the employees and coach them. This is part of the Performance Coaching phase that ensures they have the support and opportunity to actualize their roles. The managers employ the coaching leader style of leading that connects the employees values, goals with the organizational objectives (Gandolfi Stone 2017). The managers focus on developing the emotional intelligence of the staff under them for success in the future that is long-term in orientation (Jensen Bojeun 2017). The common trait needed by the managers is the emotional stability to deal with levels of stress and frustration that is attendant with coaching. Psychological maturity is critical in order to deal with challenges that may arise as they coach their juniors. The fourth leader in the case study is Michael Smith whose style of leading is the pacesetting approach (Kezar 2001). After taking over the reins, he immediately faced challenges in 2008 which necessitated shedding off some jobs in further restructuring that right sized the bank. He moved some operations to Bangalore, restructured in order to improve focus on the customer and strengthen the balance sheet. He also sets to fix the shortcomings within the equity finance side of the bank which involved taking disciplinary action against some employees. His trait is one of dominance and being tough minded with low attachment to sentimental value. Apparently the equity business had no real value but was sentimental to the bank. The last leader for analysis is the chairman, Charles Goode whose style of leading is the affiliative approach (Landis, Hill Harvey 2014). Having been present during the time of change, he witnessed high ranking individuals exit the bank under the tenure of McFarlane. Realizing that new blood was needed in order to come and mend the fences and bad blood in the upper management, he took the approach that people should come first. Having come through a period that was stressful for all employees, re-mending trust and dissipating tension called for this style of leading (Choi Sang, Lim Zhi Tan Wee 2016). The trait exhibited is to be conscientious to be bound by duty as the chairman to ensure continuity which is harmonious for the bank. He therefore used his position to push for new leadership despite objections from the shareholders on the timing. Conclusion Organizations often undergo changes in their structure, management and leadership within the course of doing business. Meaningfully changes that are transformative often require the use and of different models and theories on change management. The process of change at ANZ bank under the leadership of McFarlane utilized two concepts and theories of change management at the organizational level. The Lewins model was used to catalyze the organization to change using broad parameters. The McKinsey 7 S model offers more depth and insight into the component aspects that were targeted for change. The change resulted in right sizing the human resource component coupled with cultural change that espoused new organizational values. The process of change is fraught with challenges such as the resistance by employees to change. Other challenges include lack of clear communication which requires change managers to come up with proactive solutions. Some models that can be employed within organizations to facilitate a smooth transition of change are the cultural web and ADKAR models. These models help the employee to align their values and goals to that of the organization. Leaders and their style of management coupled with personality traits affect the process of change. Each leader and manager will adopt the style relevant to the stage of change. Collectively, the different leadership styles and models adopted in the process of change ensure that the change is transformational, beneficial and long-lasting References Al-Ali, AA, Singh, SK, Al-Nahyan, M, Sohal, AS, 2017, 'Change management through leadership: the mediating role of organizational culture', International Journal of Organizational Analysis (1934-8835), vol. 25, no. 4, p. 723. Available from: 10.1108/IJOA-01-2017-1117, viewed 16 September 2017. Arif, M, Zahid, S, Kashif, U, Sindhu, MI, 2017, 'Role of leader-member exchange relationship in organizational change management: Mediating role of organizational culture', International Journal of Organizational Leadership, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 32-41. 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