Call it what ever you like Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Call it what ever you like - Essay Example Antonio is liked by people and has a good heart. He is able to bring out his emotions very in the court while pleading for mercy from Shylock (Shakespeare, Coleman & Barnes, 23). Shylock is the unsuccessfully character and is resented by everyone. Shylock is a rich man who lends out money to Antonio. However, when he needs his money repaid, Antonio is not in a position to repay and this becomes a major source of conflict between the two friends. In the court scene, Shylock is able to bring out very well mixed emotions and anger. He however, later becomes sympathetic when the case turns again as they had not agreed on how to measure the pound of flesh and blood (Shakespeare, Coleman & Barnes, 23). He is well armed with his knife in court and could not wait to be finally allowed to get his pound of flesh. Shylock can be analyzed as a very inhumane and unfair character as he does not even give Antonio a chance to explain himself, he harbors secret hated for Antonio and would be delighted to destroy him the best way he would (Shakespeare, Coleman & Barnes, 23). The other characters hate shylock as he finds fun and satisfaction oppressing them. Other aspects of the play such as costumes, lighting, props as well as sound were well incorporated and the performance was extemporary good (Shakespeare, Coleman & Barnes, 23). All through the play, the characters were able to capture my attention and create enthusiasm to keep watching. The production was top notch. I have learnt vital lessons from the play and will aim at becoming a better and peace-loving

Leadership from the Organisational Behaviour area of study Essay

Leadership from the Organisational Behaviour area of study - Essay Example Over the decades, numerous theories on the subject of organizational leadership have been suggested and deliberated over. These include, but are not limited to, Transactional Leadership, Trait Theory, Behavioural Theories, which constitute The Managerial Grid and Theory X and Theory Y, Situational Leadership, Participative Leadership, which comprises the infamous Lewin’s leadership styles, Contingency Theory, and Transformational Leadership (Time-Life Books 1994, p.453). Trait or Great Man theory places a leader at a different level in terms of thinking, dreams, ambitions and general intelligence as compared to the normal person. The major assumptions made in this theory include; some habits are specifically suited for leadership, individuals who make the best leaders have the perfect blend of leadership traits and the individuals inherently acquire those traits. Extensive research into successful leaders has been carried out in an attempt to discover some of these traits and if when applied to other individuals, they may also make good leaders. Some of these behaviours include intelligence, assertiveness, decisiveness, innovativeness, flexibility, conceptually skilled, team player, diplomacy, sensitivity to the social environment, dreamer, reliable, good orator, charismatic, dominance, persuasiveness and persistence (Burns 1978, p.654). Behavioural theories assume that leaders are not born, but made and that the best leadership is based on principles that can be practiced over time. These theories approach is not to focus on the inherent characteristics of an individual, but rather those habits that they have picked up over the years that have shaped and nurtured their leadership skills. There are two types of behaviour under this theory that each leader possess as a result of training. These include general concern

Evaluation of Indias Online Travel Industry

Evaluation of Indias Online Travel Industry MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS PROJECT: ONLINE TRAVEL INDUSTRY GROUP MEMBERS: Nikita Goenka (PGP30324) Padmaja Agnihotri (PGP30316) Sandeep Kumar (ABM11034) Ravali Malka (PGP30317) Vishwas Nandan (PGP 30353) Saurav Kumar (PGP30340) Rohan Kokane (PGP30336) BACKGROUND India is a country with vast demography and a wide spectrum of opportunities. Better job avenues have gifted the youth with greater discretionary power. Rising use of internet plastic money has made the field of e-commerce an exponentially growing field in recent times. Why E-Travel as a subject of research? E-travel in India has a lion’s share in the Indian E-commerce contributing to a whopping 82% to the entire market share in the year 2013 (Graph 1). Also, E-travel exhibited a marvelous annual growth of 53% in 2013 over 2012. This is further complemented by the fact that the Indian tourism industry is the 2nd fastest growing in the world. The present paper aims at unravelling various facets of this booming industry and studying its position in the private sector, especially e-commerce industry. Other merits: Online travel demands least capital infrastructure costs Quick delivery of services enhances consumer satisfaction EVOLUTION Based on the single idea of easing travelling in India, online travel services started around a decade ago. Booming of IT sector in India was one of the major factors stimulating online travel. Online travelling segment constitutes around 70% 80% ($25 billion) of all e-commerce activities and has been a major driver of the industry. Key schemes and policies implemented by e-commerce industry can be considered as major factor for success of the segment. Exhaustive assistance, user friendly websites, customer grievance redress are the major attractions prevailing in the segment. Makemytrip, Yatra.com, Redbus are some websites which have seen rocketed growth as presented in Graph 2 and Graph 3. PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND Price Elasticity is defined as percentage change in demand due to one percent change in price. Online travel industry faces more level of price sensitivity than traditional channels, majorly because of ease of access to- PRODUCT INFORMATION PRICE INFORMATION CHANNEL SELECTION FORWARD LINKAGES: Nowadays Travel industry is not restricted to its conventional travel business only. It has extended to forward linkages like bus tickets, travel insurance firm hotels. Share of each linkage has been presented in Graph 4 Regulations Introduced by the government and its impact: The regulatory norms laid down by the government of India are aimed at promoting growth of the market which have effect on the online travel industry. With the customers slowly moving from traditional ways of booking to online, these norms have greatly influenced the growth of online travel industry. A few regulatory norms laid are as follows: COST STRUCTURE: The cost structure of online travel can be analysed in two ways: Traditional costing analysis through study of the PL statement ABC (activity based costing ) by analyzing the cost driver for each specific segment The following sections explains both the above stated viewpoints: Traditional costing analysis: The income statements of various big players of the online travel industry are available for study. One such player is Makemytrip.com, a leading firm in online travel. Graph 5 summarizes the various expenses of Makemytrip for 4 consecutive years in descending order. Activities of online travel: The various activities of online travel have been are categorized as: Core Activities and Support Activities The activities are studied considering their respective drivers in terms of the resources allotted and other factors such as time and space devoted etc. PRODUCTION STRUCTURE Online travel industry offers services to its customers as a product. There are various types of services which online travel industry offers:- Core services Air, Rail and hotel advance bookings and ticketing Discount fares program Event management service Value added services Tracking of journey 24 hours emergency service Ticket approval using email system Insurance Graph 6: Traffic generated from mobile devices. Graph 7: Reach of travel portals (India and Global) Graph 8: Profit Margin by segments PRODUCTION FUNCTION A production function gives relationship between inputs (capital, labour and other factors) and outputs (goods and services). Online travel agency have high initial and fixed cost which it makes as less labour intensive sector. U= U (P, Y) Y= F (K, L) Where U = utility function of cost (P) and trips (Y) F = Production function of capital (K) (travel agencies) In short run, if labour is increased, the performance and maintenance of the online portal will be improvised. So this in-turn might increase number of trips for some time period then falls as online travel agency is more technology based and improving labour doesn’t increase much of output. In long run, an improvement in the state of technology shifts the production function up, leading to an increase in output per worker for a given level of capital per worker. The higher the technology, higher Y for a given K and L. An improvement in the state of technology shifts the production function up, leading to an increase in output per worker for a given level of capital per worker COST FUNCTION Cost function is effect of level of production on the cost which the firm is incurring. Since in online travel industry we don’t have any such physical product, we can relate the level of production with the sales generated by company. Cost analysis for Thomas Cook has been done in Table 1 and Graph 9. TABLE – 1: Thomas Cook- Average and Marginal cost of the service delivered Year Sales (INR in mn) Total Cost (INR in mn) AC MC 2010 3455 3086 0.8932 2011 4017 3094 0.7703 0.01 2012 4386 3300 0.7524 0.557 2013 13031 10269 0.7881 0.80 Source: www.securities.com/emis/ Industry- Online travel Graph 9: Cost analysis for Thomas Cook (All money figures are in INR million) Inferences: The data given in Table 1 shows the average and marginal cost of the service delivered. From graph 9 we can see that the average cost reaches a minimum value of 0.45 at a sales value of INR 8700mn approximately. As the scale of operations of Thomas Cook went up beyond this point the average cost also increased. Clearly it is evident that the company isn’t operating at its minimum cost point. Due to sudden increase in scale of operations, the company might not have optimized its value chain. REGRESSION ANALYSIS IRCTC E-ticket booking: IRCTC started its e-ticket booking facility from 2005 August. By that time there was already i-ticket booking in IRCTC where tickets will be delivered through courier to the house after booking through internet. Once IRCTC launched E-ticket booking, the sales through I-ticketing started declining and this new facility increasing sales of IRCTC. Number of people using internet in 2012 is 11.4% of total population as compared to 4.5% of total population in 2005. This rapid growth in internet users resulted in increment of number of tickets booked through IRCTC. Graph 10: Regression Analysis for IRCTC E-ticket booking Inferences: In 2005, internet Company Sify had announced its tie up with Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) to make online railway ticketing service available at over 3,400 iWay cybercafà ©s across 154 cities, on cash payments. In 2008, With 8 lacs tickets sold every day on its website, IRCTC had announced its expansion policy to give services and sell airline tickets. With overall increase in train travel quality and increase in train travelling, e-tickets are in demand. PROFIT OR LOSS ANALYSIS: MAKE MY TRIP www.moneycontrol.com Year Revenue Total Cost Profit 2011 $124,721.00 $119,891.00 $4,830.00 2012 $196,599.00 $189,951.00 $7,048.00 2013 $228,822.00 $256,411.00 ($27,589.00) 2014 $255,375.00 $276,281.00 ($20,906.00) Graph 11 Inferences: Based on the above analysis MakeMyTrip has achieved its break-even point somewhere in between 2012 and 2013. After that point it has been experiencing losses. PROFIT OR LOSS ANALYSIS THOMAS COOK www.moneycontrol.com Year Revenue(In Cr.) Total Cost(In Cr.) Profit(In Cr.) 2009 242.00 184.00 58.00 2010 282.00 193.00 89.00 2011 340.00 232.00 108.00 2012 386.00 270.00 116.00 2013 383.00 267.00 116.00 Graph 12 Inferences: From above graph, Thomas cook has passed its break-even point and has been experiencing profits for last 5 years. APPENDIX Graph 1: E commerce Market share Graph 2: Growth trend in the online travel market Graph 3: Percentage of online users Graph 4: E commerce market share (including the forward linkages) Graph 5: Summary of expenses of Makemytrip for 4 consecutive years in descending order: Source : http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/mmyt/financials?query=income-statement Graph 6: Traffic generated from mobile devices Graph 7: Reach of travel portals Segment % age Air Travel 7 Train Travel 5 Bus Travel 12 Car Rentals 15 Hotels tours and Packages 20 Graph 8: Profit Margin by segments 2013 Source: E Y

Essay --

The History of Water Pipes The earliest known evidence of a pipe being used for plumbing was found in Mesopotamia it is estimated to have been made around 3000 BC. The pipes were made from clay mixed with short lengths of straw. This was the first type of pipe to be used to transport water from different places. Both brass and copper pipes have been found in Egypt believed to have been constructed close to 2500 BC. The Romans used lead pipes, extensive use of lead pipe by joining sheets of lead into piping to carry their water supply and waste. Two millennia ago the ancient Romans made use of large aqueducts to transport water from higher elevations by building the aqueducts in graduated segments that allowed gravity to push the water along until it reached its destination later using them same idea in lead pipes building them under ground . Cast iron and ductile iron pipe was long and a lower costing alternative to copper before the advent of durable plastic materials but special non conductive fittings must be used where transitions are to be made to other metallic pipes, except for terminal and universal fittings, in order to avoid corrosion owing to electrochemical reactions (reactions from exposure to air) between dissimilar metals see galvanic cell Hundreds of these were built throughout Europe and overseas and along with flour mills were considered the lifeline of the Roman Empire. The Chinese also made use of aqueducts and pipe systems for public works. The famous Han Dynasty court ordered in 145 AD that the engineer to construct a series of pipe networks and square pallet chain pumps outside the capital city of Luoyang. These chain pumps delivered water and waste around the city quiet and easy at a cheap cost, serviced t... ...cting the lead itself. What often causes confusion is the large amount of evidence of widespread lead poisoning, particularly amongst those who would have had easy access to piped water. This was an unfortunate result of lead being used in cookware and as an additive to processed food and drink, such as a preservative in wine. Roman lead pipe inscriptions provided information on the owner to prevent water theft. Cast iron and ductile iron pipe was long a lower-cost alternative to copper, before the advent of durable plastic materials but special non-conductive fittings must be used where transitions are to be made to other metallic pipes, except for terminal fittings, in order to avoid corrosion owing to electrochemical reactions between dissimilar metals see cell. Bronze fittings and short pipe segments are commonly used in combination with various materials.

Mary Shelley & ‘Frankenstein’ Essay

â€Å"How do the themes explored by Mary Shelley in ‘Frankenstein’ relate to a modern audience? † The beginning of civilisation brought the evidential classification of people as insiders and outsiders in any close society, due to the narrow stereotypical minds of the masses and often the simplistic facts of life. People are separated from the rest of the community as a result of perhaps their physical appearance or a difference in their personality. Stereotypical idols in today’s society are greatly influential; we are quick to identify faults in others and use this excuse to ostracise them from the world and ourselves. Mary Shelley embodies this ‘outsider’ through the monster that Frankenstein creates. He is isolated and rejected by everyone, so we are made to empathise with him; human beings have a natural instinct to do this, so the text is universalised. Ironically, at times the monster is more humane than those who consider themselves human, those who consider themselves ‘insiders’, opposed to the monster- an outsider. This novel opens on a personal note, Shelley uses the device of letters as a hook to draw in the reader; an invasion of privacy universalises the thoughts on paper, like reading someone else’s diary. This makes it easier for us to empathise to Captain Walton and subsequently Victor Frankenstein, who is very similar in many aspects to him. These two strong male characters are romanticised by Shelley make them easier to relate to in a modern audience, because they far more believable with multi- faceted personalities. They are romantic anti- heroes; their ambition intrigues us and we are able to identify with them and their achievements. The letters are deliberately left without an exact date, so as to not only create a sense of mystery but to also ensure that the story isn’t concreted to a specific era, as it relates more to society as a whole rather than a period of time. Shelley uses a high diction style of writing, which is littered with emotive adjectives to prevent it becoming stagnated and boring for the audience. The information is given to us little at a time to arouse our curiosity and make us read further into the book, where crescendos are commonly used after a more mundane part of the story, so the excitement peaks and falls throughout. An example of this is when the monster is first sighted in letter 4 where there is a dramatic climax before he disappears from view, leaving the audience in doubt of what will happen next. A prominent theme in Mary Shelley’s ‘Frankenstein’ is one of an idealistic world. Victor idealises his family, like a fairytale, too good to be true in reality, which it seems he wants to escape as he knows his family are far from perfect, and a good example of this is portrayed in the quote; â€Å"There was a considerable difference between ages of my parents, but this circumstance seemed to unite them closer in the bonds of devoted affection. † (Ch1, pg33, line7)

A & P is highly symbolic story

A & P is highly symbolic story with various thematic expressions. It takes into account the individual and adolescent longings to rebel against the common conventions, class conflict, and the rise of superstore mentality in United States during 1950s. It is also an epitome of American social milieu during 1950s and represents its different shades in colloquial and ironic language. Furthermore, it narrates the psychological and emotional transitions from childhood to adolescence in a lucid manner. The most important feature of the story is its highly symbolic settings. Updike set up the story in 1950s that was â€Å"an age when supermarket has replaced the church as the community’s central institutions†.(Wells 132) Gilbert Porter (1972) writes in this regard that, â€Å"right in the middle of town, surrounded by ‘two banks and the Congregational church and the newspaper store and three real estate offices’ stands Updike’s symbolic A& P† (p. 115 5). So it gives an atlas of the whole American socio-economics set-up in fifties.Every institute remained a hallmark of American society and its values. The utilization of words ‘right in the middle’ manifests the importance and centrality of these institutional expressions in the American life. A & P symbolizes the â€Å"mass ethic of a consumer-conditioned society†. (Porter, p. 1155)Another important aspect of the story is social structures that Updike’s has constructed and displayed in order to augment the thematic expressions. Sammy, the protagonist can be viewed rebelling against this social structure.As Larence Jat Dessner puts it, â€Å"He is entranced and made enviously defensive by his notion that the under-clad younger shoppers inhabit a higher social station than him† (16) The juxtaposition of visualization to attend a party in Queenie’s living rooms to the factual account of parties at his own home is important illustration of thi s psychological phenomenon.Sammy says, ‘When my parents have somebody over they get lemonade and if it's a real racy affair Schlitz in tall glasses with â€Å"They'll Do It Every Time† cartoons stencilled on. (Updike) Furthermore, Updike has lighted the differences between one social order and the other in a subtle way. For example, in Queenie’s social realm, people eat â€Å"Kingfish Fancy herring snacks in Pure Sour Cream† which symbolizes a privileged social class whereas Sammy eats HiHo Crackers that embodies a lower-class status. Lengel, another character, represents the Puritan work ethic.Strength of the story is utilization of a mixture of themes in a way that produced a unifocal impact on the reader. In addition to above mentioned conflict of social classes, it encircles the rebellious nature of its time. Sammy is caught in social compulsions at the start of the story and symbolizes a convention-ridden individual.Queenie and her company is an illus tration of the rebellious temperament and any other non-conformist attitude and values. She and her party enter and wander around the store barefooted unlike other housewives and people who only comes with shopping lists and remain totally engrossed in them. Updike again uses a subtle image to symbolize their non-conformist behaviour.They stroll up an aisle against the normal route of traffic. This metaphorically explains their behaviour that is against the social conventions of the time. This makes realize Sammy of his own conditionality. This generates a desire in him to be different from the society. So he rebels against the society. Lengel is juxtaposed with Sammy as he sticks to conventionalities and embodies the strict professional ethics. Mr. recognize him as â€Å"the Voice of the Establishment† (1157).   These images illustrate the second theme in a perfect way.

new 12

The definition of an architect according to Random House is: Architect ( ar-chi-tects) a person who engages in the profession of architecture (Random House). Requirements for education as stated in The Chronicle Guidance Publications are In most states architects must have either a bachelors or a masters degree earned for completion of studies in an accredited degree program for architecture. In 1999 the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) accredited 108 programs culminating in either a five-year bachelors degree in architecture or a masters degree in architecture. There are several ways to earn a professional degree in architecture. More than half of all architecture degrees are for completion of a five-year program for students entering college directly from high school. Masters degree programs generally require either two years for students with an undergraduate degree in architecture or a related study, or three to four years for students who have a degree in another discipline. Computer literacy is essential. Most firms are now using computers for word processing, design development, specifications wri! ting, two-dimensional and three-dimensional design drafting, financial management, and research. US News ranked Claremont McKenna College in California as the best Liberal Arts School in the nation for architecture. California Institute of Technology was the top ranked university for architecture followed by Stanford also in California (US News). According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics All States and the District of Columbia require individuals to be licensed (registered) before they may call themselves architects or contract to provide architectural services. Many architecture school graduates work in the field even though they are not licensed. However, a licensed architect is required to take legal responsibility for all work. Three req...

Social Conformity to Obedience

Social Conformity to Obedience Free Online Research Papers Obedience is the act of obeying orders from others. As humans we are indoctrinated to obey authority figures. This training begins from the moment of birth as we are reliant on our parents to take care of our every need, in turn being subservient to our authority figure or parents. As we begin to mature and are thrust into society we obtain more influential authority figures from outside the household. Schools have a system of order and authority. Teachers give us guidance and direction academically and even socially because we begin to learn how to act in a group or societal setting. The school environment is all a preparation for careers. When we begin working most of us work for a company or organization with all levels of management who we must be obedient to. As we mature we are given more and more responsibility over our actions and judgments, thus making it more beneficial to our societal advancement to be obedient. Stanley Milgram, a famous social psychologist, performs a number of experiments on human obedience in the 1960’s. According to Milgram, every human has the capacity to function as an individual exercising his or her own moral judgment and the capacity to make their own moral decisions based on their personal character. What happens to the average person who overrides their best moral judgment to be obedient to an authority figure. The My Lai massacre which occurred in the 1960,s as well as the Milgram experiments gives a good example of willingness to be obedient to authority. In this case the murder of hundreds of unarmed men, women and children. I will show a connection between Stanley Milgram’s experiments and the events which occurred in Vietnam. Obedience is a basic human trait and is a deeply ingrained behavior. Some form of obedience is a requirement for function in modern society. The Milgram shock experiment proves these characteristics. The experiments first took place at Yale University and eventually involved over one thousand participants from all walks of life. Two individuals were to enter a psychology laboratory and take part in a study of memory and learning. One of them was to be the teacher and the other the student. The student was instructed to learn a list of word pairs and whenever the student made a mistake would receive an electric shock of increasing intensity. However the focus of the experiment is the teacher. The teacher watches the student being strapped into place and then taken to a shock generator. The shock generator features switches ranging from 15 to 450 volts in 15 volt increments. If the student gets the answer correct the teacher is to move on to the next problem. If the answer i s wrong the teacher is to shock the student beginning with 15 volts. The teacher, being the focus of the experiment, does not know that the student is not really being shocked and that the student is really an actor. Each time the student answers incorrectly and is shocked, he pretends to be shocked. As the teacher watches the student being tortured by the electric shocks, he continues to follow the orders he was instructed. â€Å"Stark authority was pitted against the subjects’ strongest moral imperatives against hurting others, and with the subjects’ ears ringing with the screams of the victims, authority won more often than not.†(Milgram 360) The experiment proves that obedience is something humans teach one another and follow through with. Milgram thinks the problems lies in the structure of society, people are just following orders of superiors and are not directly responsible for his or her actions. The Vietnam war was one of the most unique wars ever fought by the United States. It was fought over 10,000 miles away in a virtually unknown country, with the enemy and allies looking virtually alike. William L. Calley Jr., the platoon leader of Charlie Company, was born in 1944 Miami, Florida. He attended grammar and high school there. In 1963 he flunked out of college and later pursued the military. In 1967 he became platoon leader for Charlie Company. Nothing out of the ordinary with this young man. This young man soon became the center of one of the most controversial genocides in U.S military history. He was charged with ordering the execution of more then 300 unarmed Vietnamese men, women and children. Every civilian found was killed, apparently on his orders. Calley argued that he was acting simply on orders form above. Charlie Company’s first month in Vietnam passed without any direct incident. By mid March the company had suffered 28 incidents involving mines or booby traps which caused injuries and five deaths. Colonel Oran K. Henderson urged his officers to â€Å"go in their aggressively, close with the enemy and wipe them out for good† â€Å"Most of the soldiers had not participated in crimes, but neither protested nor complained to their superiors.† (Bilton 113) This shows complacency at the very least in the atrocity which occurred by some of the soldiers. I believe that this complacency is just as bad as committing the actual murders. â€Å"Some of the men in the company were a little unusual. There were some who were cruel. But there wasn’t anything extraordinary about them. There’s going to be that element in any group. Most of the men were just ordinary Americans. They weren’t the bottom of the barrel. They were men who would have bee n accepted for military service at any time. I wouldn’t expect them to murder anybody or torture anybody†¦In the United States they would have been friends of mine.† (Bilton 56) Ordinary citizens are ordered to destroy other people, and they do so because they consider it their duty to obey orders. Some people argue that the very fabric of society is threatened by disobedience. The theory that only those on the sadistic fringe of society would submit to such cruelty is disclaimed by Milgram’s experiment. Charlie Company is made up of ordinary American soldiers. Findings show that â€Å"Two thirds of Milgram’s studies participants fall into the category of obedient subjects, and that they represent ordinary people drawn from the working, managerial, and professional classes†. Ultimately 65% of all the â€Å"teachers† punished the â€Å"learners† to the maximum 450 volts.† (Milgram,1974) Extreme cases known in the 20th century, where obedience was used by authority figures to perform or subject immoral acts on other human beings is evident no more clearly then the My Lai incident as well as various others. Milita ry training sets apart soldiers from all others to prevent competition with authorities outside the military. The purpose of basic training is to break down concepts of individuals and expand on the group or unit. During this time the soldiers spend a lot of time being disciplined. Following orders is the basis for the soldiers’ actions. Cultural differences set the two sides further apart and race was used to depersonalize the actions of war. The soldiers involved with the massacre felt that they were just following orders and it was their duty to follow orders from their authority figure. People who are doing a job as instructed by an administrative figure are following the instructions of that person. The feelings of duty and personal emotion are separated. Responsibility shifts in the mind of the subordinate from himself to the authority figure. Even when the subject is an agent of a destructive process, he or she will continue to administer the shocks. The subj ect may feel an obligation to the experimenter telling them what to do, so withdrawal from their promise may feel awkward. The subject may also feel the need to keep his relationship with the superior authority. This probably happens often when acting against individuals who are perceived to be lower in social status, especially when being told by someone credible or high up. When a subject gets so absorbed in the task at hand that he disregards moral conflict and becomes immersed with doing a good job that is when obedience is shown at it’s fullest extent. Stanley Milgram has pointed out a human characteristic that may very well be in each and every one of us. My Lai and Milgram’s experiments show us that ordinary people will go to any length to be subservient to an authority figure, no matter the moral dilemma. I believe that everyone in society has, at one time or the other, overlooked his or her personal feelings to conform. Perhaps, if people were to do a little historical research, they wouldn’t be so shocked by the results of Milgram’s experiment or the atrocities of My Lai. Only when we can differentiate between being a good subject and having good morals will we be able to make a distinction between being obedient and committing crimes by our own individual actions. Research Papers on Social Conformity to ObedienceStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfHip-Hop is ArtGenetic Engineering

How to Flavor Rock Candy

How to Flavor Rock Candy Ive been trying out kits for educational toys, like slime and the chemical volcano, but one kit I just cant bring myself to buy-and-try is the rock candy kit. Why? Its around $12 and doesnt even come with the sugar... just a stick, container, and flavored food coloring. I can come up with my own jar and popsicle stick to make my own rock candy and I suspect you can too. If you want flavoring, there are couple of ways to go. You can add a few drops of flavoring to your saturated sugar solution. These are extracts or flavorings that you would buy in the spice section of a grocery store. You use these by adding food coloring and a couple of drops of flavoring to your crystal solution. Cherry, lemon, lime, orange, mint, and cinnamon all work well. Another option is to dissolve Kool-aidâ„ ¢ or other drink mix in the crystal growing solution to (intensely) flavor your rock candy.If you have experience with the rock candy kit and think its worth the money, let me know and Ill try it out, but I suspect you can save your pennies and get equally good or better results on your own. Troubleshoot Problems Growing Rock Candy

Answer the question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Answer the question - Assignment Example t for various purposes, the facet of information privacy has emerged as a critical concern to leverage utmost benefits out of this unique technological development i.e. the internet. A rudimental ethical debate has propagated wherein a number of critics and users have raised doubts whether they can use the medium of the internet to share their personal information or not. The wider reach of the internet in this regard has been acting as the key concerning factor due to which certain sections of ill-minded people have targeted the online medium to gain and manipulate personal information. The study intends to critically analyse that despite a pinnacle role played by the internet in daily lives of human beings, a profound ethical debate on information privacy has raised. The way in which this ethical debate has raised associated with the use of the internet will be highlighted in the study. In accordance with Temmel & et. al. (n.d.), technology has influenced the modern life of human beings. During daily life, human beings are dealing with several electronic devices and techniques. Especially, the internet has emerged as one of the most advanced innovations of science and technology, which has facilitated the modern civilisation to march towards a more lucid future. Thus, it can be evidently asserted that the internet can also influence our lifestyle in both ways such as good and bad aspects (Temmel & et. al., n. d.). According to the observation, it has been determined that the impact of the internet has changed the aspect of modern life enormously. In order to measure the advantages of the internet it can be highlighted that the internet has delivered several facilities to the human beings, which have not been ever-expected by human kind before. Due to enormous technological advancement, people can access the internet from their home for personal requirement and also can use the internet from workplace for professional uses. Due to the availability of the

The effects of Strategic marketing on Business performance Dissertation

The effects of Strategic marketing on Business performance - Dissertation Example But this study will show that it is a much broader aspect with different factors acting to develop strategic marketing and which affects the overall performance of a business organization. Acknowledgements I am thankful to all my faculty members, colleagues and institution for giving me an opportunity to study the process of Strategic Management and analyze them in the context of real life scenario. I am also especially thankful to my supervisors for their timely advice, feedbacks and tips which aided me in improving upon my work and remain punctual in the agreed scheduled deliveries of dissertation chapters. Table of Contents Page No. Abstract 2 Acknowledgement 3 1. Introduction 6 1.1   Background 6 1.2   Aim and objective of research 11 1.2.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aim of the study 11 1.2.2 Objective of the study 12 1.3 Scope of the study 14 1.4 Key Concepts 15 1.5 Structure of the thesis 20 2. Literature review 21 2.1   Strategic marketing 21 2.2   Marketing capabilit ies and assets 33 2.3 Business Performance Measurement 36 3. ... Discussion and Conclusion 54 6. References 58 7. List of Figures 7.1 Figure 1 20 7.2 Figure 2 21 7.3 Figure 3 27 7.4 Figure 4 28 7.5 Figure 5 31 7.6 Figure 6 32 7.7 Figure 7 33 7.8 Figure 8 35 7.9 Figure 9 38 7.10 Figure 10 56 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Marketing is one of the most significant factors of the business and in the book Practice of Management Drucker wrote, â€Å"There is only valid definition of business purpose to create a customer†¦[Therefore], any business enterprise has two -- and only these two – basic functions: marketing and innovation. They are the entrepreneurial functions. Marketing is the distinguishing, the unique function of the business.† (Silk, 2006, p.vii) So it is evident, for outperforming competition and taking accurate marketing decision, every company requires good marketing knowledge. An organization’s product positioning and services depend on the performance and implementation of intellect and good strategic plans. This can be explained simply by the statement about marketing management provided by Moore and Pareek (2009, p.7) â€Å"in business, marketing has two aims. The first is to attract new customers by highlighting the potential value of a good service. Getting customers is an active process, meaning the business must solicit the customer; rarely do customers come to business. The second aim is to retain customers by continually meeting and surpassing the customer’s satisfaction with the products.† (Moore & Pareek, 2009, pp.7-8) In the present era, market has become highly competitive. In this competitive market, a strategy is needed to offer product or service which will do better than the competition. In this context Kenechi

Nobel Prize in Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nobel Prize in Medicine - Essay Example He is considered to be the one of the pioneers and the key figures in the development of human immunology. The seven years, which Jules Bordet spent working at the Pasteur Institute became the turning point in the development of his career and paved the way for his scientific triumph. He was able to discover that â€Å"bacteriolytic effect of acquired antibody  is considerably increased  in vivo  by the existence of natural serum components† (FAQs). Soon after joining the Institute, Jules Bordet began exploring the basic problems of human immunology in order to find the ways to defend human organism form different infections. (FAQs). In 1894, one of Bordet’s colleagues discovered that a guinea pig immunized against cholera rapidly died when injected cholera bacteria (FAQs). The discovery of Bordet was outstanding: as he later found out, such problems did occur to guinea pigs only when the bacteria came from a non-immunized pig (FAQs). Moreover, the bacteriolysis did not take place when the antiserum and the bacteria were mixed in a test tube (FAQs). Finally, when Bordet heated the antiserum it immediately lost its power to kill the cholera bacteria (FAQs). In the series of the blood experiments that followed Jules Bordet by injecting red blood cells from one animal species into another species caused the rapid destruction of red cells of the first species by the serum of the second species (FAQs). Later on, Jules Bordet was able to systematize his knowledge of bacteriolysis and to create a general picture of how animal bodies defended themselves against foreign infections (FAQs). On the basis of his discoveries, Bordet created the first complement fixation test, which could determine the presence of various bacteria in an individual’s blood serum (FAQs). The discovery of the test itself and related discoveries in immunology led Bordet to the best reward: in 1919, Jules Bordet was awarded the

Critical thought Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical thought - Assignment Example Students have different lenses or opinions of the given instructional materials (depending on how they understand or correlate it with their experiences). The same applies to our lives. We may have seen an incident and viewed it as wrong according to our perception of culture or morality. Others may see it as normal, usual, right because they have different lenses as ours. An experience of mine regarding lenses had influenced my thinking of a particular incident. I had a misunderstanding with a friend about certain â€Å"time and commitment† issue. A few hours later, she has posted something on her social to which I have connected to the context of time and commitment. I thought that she was pertaining to me and to our arguments so I felt offended and did not talk to her for a long period of time. Months passed, I learned from her mother that she was facing a problem at her part-time job which concerns time and commitment issues. It was then that I realized that we have seen the situation in different lenses and I was wrong of my perceptions. The concept of our own lenses will help us become aware of the ones we have as compared to others. Not all individuals have the perceptions or thinking as ours. If we will only just perceived the world according to our lenses, we may have some misunderstanding of the people around us. In addition, we will fail to examine the objective truth and we will not bother to examine facts or evidences because we are already blinded by our lenses. By academic definition, perceiving is how we processed our thinking and understanding of the world through what we called â€Å"lenses† which may vary because of our individual personalities, experiences, biases, assumptions, and ways of viewing thing (Chaffee, 2012, 149; Thomson, 2002, 155). Believing, on the other hand, is establishing perceptual experiences into a belief structure or cognition and being able to execute or apply these

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Business Law - Essay Example While describing the basic forms of business ownership like sole proprietorship and partnership author used references of corporation and Limited Liability Company (LLC) that I think is inappropriate because these forms of ownerships had not been described till this point. Paper work and terms like corporations and LLC confuse the reader. We see some benefits like limited liability of corporations and LLC but the author failed to explicitly state the double taxation as a negative point of corporation. It again shows the favorable attitude of the author towards a specific type of business ownership. The author further described the structure of nonprofit organizations by just stating its two attributes. The article should be more like the one in which one describe a form of business ownership structure and then clearly state its pro’s and con’s. The article on the other hand tries to describe the structures of different types of business ownerships mostly by stating their

Environmental Scan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Environmental Scan - Research Paper Example The changes in economic cycles affect the sales of the two firms in the beverage and snacks industry e.g. fluctuating interest rates, exchange rates fluctuations and income levels (PepsiCo, 2010). Reduction in the income level will reduce the two company’s level of sales. The social factor like the cultural beliefs and practices determines the level of sales in the global arena. There are some regions across the globe where the consumption of snacks are discouraged hence reduce sales level. Demographic factors like youth population, family sizes further influence sales. Since the two firms operate globally, the political changes that determine the legislations, taxation and regulations affect the firms equally. The adoption of enhanced technology that reduces operational costs and efficiency will make the external environment (Coca-Cola, n.d). The internal environment that includes financial strengths, employee enthusiasms, organization culture, and innovation remain core to t he businesses. PepsiCo core competitive advantage is the diversified portfolio of products and brands, high innovation and differentiation of products and ability to enter into new markets successfully. The healthier food makes customers purchase their goods. The company strategy is to rethink and implement new efficient ways of production and best practices that would enhance customer satisfaction (PepsiCo, 2010). On the other hand coke competitive advantage include market leadership, business partnerships, multi-segmentation, strong brand portfolio, collaborative customer relationships, sustainable development and managerial expertise among others. These make core a leader in the snack industry. Coke strategy is the maximizing growth and profitability to create shareholders value through transforming commercial models, multi-segmentation, product innovation, and expansion

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Business Law - Essay Example While describing the basic forms of business ownership like sole proprietorship and partnership author used references of corporation and Limited Liability Company (LLC) that I think is inappropriate because these forms of ownerships had not been described till this point. Paper work and terms like corporations and LLC confuse the reader. We see some benefits like limited liability of corporations and LLC but the author failed to explicitly state the double taxation as a negative point of corporation. It again shows the favorable attitude of the author towards a specific type of business ownership. The author further described the structure of nonprofit organizations by just stating its two attributes. The article should be more like the one in which one describe a form of business ownership structure and then clearly state its pro’s and con’s. The article on the other hand tries to describe the structures of different types of business ownerships mostly by stating their

Free

Freemark Case Essay Harvesting Riesling grapes immediately , or leave them on the vines despite the approaching storm the place of the vineyard. Light rain and storms are detrimental to the crop of grapes, as these cause or may develop Botrytis cinerea , a fungus that causes damage in the skins of grapes . The Freemark winery wine produced only first best grape varieties bottled 25,000 cases of wine each year as Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay . The Grapes of Freemark Abbey came from an ideal environment in the central and southern California -Napa valley . The type of wooden barrel used for storing wine influences the style of wine produced. The winemaker is to harvest the grapes when they have achieved the right balance of sugar and acidity to the wine style order. But maturity is a variable process , however , and if the weather is not appropriate, the right balance could never exist . If the grapes are harvested at 20 % sugar, the wine is fermented Dry ( all the sugar alcohol is exchanged for carbon dioxide ) or almost dry . If the grapes are harvested at 25 % sugar, the winemaker can produce a wine with the same alcohol (10 % ) but with 5 % residual sugar , this wine is sweet and relatively intense . Freemark Abbey had already produced a crop of botrytis Riesling in 1973. Jaeger concluded that there was a 50% chance that rain would hit the Napa Valley. Because the storm had originated on the warm waters of Mexico , and thought there was a 40% chance that if the storm hit , would result in the development of botrytis mold . Freemark Abbey had the option to sell the wine in large quantities, or could sell grapes directly . These alternatives would bring only a means of income, but avoid the damaging reputation of the winery, which would be risky engrossed an inferior product. If Jaeger decided not to harvest the grapes immediately in anticipation of the storm , and the storm did not hit the crop , Jaeger leave the grapes to ripen fully and probably , hopefully, sugar grapes reach 25 %, resulting in a wine that is sold about $ 3. 50 wholesaler. With less appropriate climate , the level of sugar would exceed 20 % producing a lighter wine probably sell about $ 3. The same process that resulted in increasing sugar concentration also caused a 30% reduction in overall juice . The highest price was therefore offset by a reduction in part on the amount . Expenses for the winery were about the same for each of the possible styles of wine and were small compared to the wholesale price . Evaluate the facts : Light rain and storms are detrimental to the crop of grapes, as these cause or may develop Botrytis cinerea , a fungus that causes damage in the skins of grapes . The winemaker is to harvest the grapes when they have achieved the right balance of sugar and acidity to the wine style order. But maturity is a variable process , however , and if the weather is not appropriate, the right balance could never exist . If Jaeger decided not to harvest the grapes immediately in anticipation of the storm , and the storm did not hit the crop , Jaeger leave the grapes to ripen fully and probably , hopefully, sugar grapes reach 25 %, resulting in a wine that is sold about $ 3. 50 wholesaler. Define the problem : Should riesling grapes harvested immediately or leave them on the vines despite the storm that is approaching -Napa Valley ? Establish alternative solutions : A possible solution would be to hire a provider or a scientist , to help provide a pesticide. A class of microorganisms which may inhibit the fungus concentration of grapes, but this would generate overruns while better production and lower losses . One possible solution would be to harvest the grapes immediately and directly , avoiding possible contamination but a possible change in the fermentation and maturation of these . Choose the most appropriate alternative solution A class of microorganisms which may inhibit the fungus concentration of grapes, but this would generate overruns while better production and lower losses . Prepare an action plan It would have to execute a plan of action by companies and providers that help Freemark grape production using microorganisms that help break down and improve the quality of the grapes. It would be an amicable solution with the environment , and help to prevent accidents of rain and being productive .

Relationship between Poverty and Educational Outcomes

Relationship between Poverty and Educational Outcomes Children in Poverty:  Addressing Inequalities in Educational Outcomes Jodie Somerville The American Psychological Association (2007) asserts that socioeconomic factors and social class are fundamental determinants of human functioning across the lifespan including development. Levels of parental education, occupation and income are factors used to quantify socio-economic status and classify social class (Duchesne, McMaugh, Bochner Krause, 2013). Socioeconomic status (SES) is a recognition of the economic, environmental and education factors in the lives of parents, which affect educational outcomes of children. Often the relationship between SES and education focuses on those individuals living in poverty, the lowest tranche of economic privilege. Boston (2013) asserts that there are disparities evident in educational achievement between children from advantaged backgrounds and those experiencing deprivation. Students with higher family SES have higher educational achievement than students with lower family SES with a wide gap evidenced between the two (Thrupp, as cit ed in Boston, 2013). Those disparities and the inherent causes thereof will be outlined herein. Changes that may alleviate the effect of poverty on educational outcomes in New Zealand will also be highlighted. In particular, the need for a multi-faceted approach towards addressing inequalities in educational outcomes arising from poverty and SES. In 2012, 285,000 children in this country aged 0–17 years lived in poverty equating 27% of all New Zealand children (Craig, Reddington, Wicken, Oben Simpson, 2013). It is important to note that poverty rates for MÄ ori and Pasifika children are around double those for PÄ kehÄ /European children with evidence suggesting that MÄ ori and Pasifika children are almost twice as likely to be living in severe poverty and face a higher risk of remaining in poverty for extended periods of time (Boston, 2013). Major influences on the overall level of child poverty are changes in demographics, family structure, unemployment rates, benefit and retraining levels, childcare services and housing costs, all of which are influenced in broad terms by social policy and legislation to some degree (Davies, Crothers, Hanna, 2010). These factors have led to a rise in the cost of living particularly housing affordability, food and medical care (Boston, 2013). The changes have also seen low wages and relatively high taxes for low income families with family assistance programmes not sufficient to meet shortfalls for those in poverty (Every Child Counts, 2010). These aforementioned factors that give rise to poverty and low SES have subsequent health, cognitive and socio emotional outcomes which affect child development (Duchesene et al., 2013). The development of the child then in turn affects his or her educational achievement. The relationship between SES and educational attainment of children is evidenced in a New Zealand study by Fergusson and Woodward (2000). That study noted that children from higher SES backgrounds achieved university entrance rates five times higher (57%) than those of children from families of a lower SES (11%). Further, there is a statistically significant relationship between family income during the early years of a childs life and subsequent school completion rates and adults income with children from poorer families having worse outcomes (Gibb, Fergusson, Horwood, 2012). Boston (2013) cautions that although there is evidence of a strong correlation between the socio economic status of children and their education achievement, socio economic status in itself is not the only cause of poor educational outcomes. He asserts there other interlinking factors associated with SES, particularly factors prevalent in situations of poverty, that contribute to the educational attainment gap . The first aspect affecting educational achievement is family SES and income. Duchesne et al. (2013) state that children of low SES backgrounds often have poor nutrition, are exposed to environmental hazards and have inadequate access to healthcare. Boston (2013) highlights that limited finances place constraints on choices and opportunities for those living in poverty. This includes being able to afford nutritious food, access to primary healthcare and quality early childhood education, accommodation choices and providing for a stimulating home environment. The effects of poverty on educational outcomes are wide reaching. Poor nutrition can effect physical and mental growth and development and cognitive function. It can also result in lethargy and resultant decreased motivation to learn. Boston (2013) states that children from low SES backgrounds are likely to eat fewer healthy foods and have higher cholesterol intake than their peers in elevated socioeconomic circumstances. They are also much more likely to start the school day hungry and have little or no lunch. This reduces the child’s ability to concentrate and learn and generates negative behaviours. In New Zealand lack of access to health care for children living in poverty is linked to the high rates of otitis media, an infection of the middle ear particularly prevalent in MÄ ori children, which leads to hearing loss (Duchesne et al., 2013). Boston (2013) also notes that during their early school years economically disadvantaged children typically have less access to a variety of important learning resources such as books, newspapers and the internet. The second link between poverty and educational achievement are parenting factors. Bradley Corwyn (as cited in Duchesne et al., 2013) highlight a strong association between poverty, low levels of parental education and lower levels of school achievement for children. Parental education has an effect on interactions at home and the ways in which parents interact with their children (Duchesne et al., 2013). Children whose parents, especially mothers, have higher levels of education were more likely to be supported in ways that encouraged engagement in education including better resources. Overall experience in homes with lower levels of parental education was likely to be less with lower parental input (Duchesne et al., 2013). This is evidenced in activity levels and language use with parents in poorest families using only one third of the spoken language of other families when conversing with their children (Hart Risley as cited in Duchesne et al., 2013). Language is important to le arning and displaying knowledge at school. Parents own experience of education affects interactions with children including their ability to prepare children for school, their expectations and attitudes towards education. Parents from lower SES groups may value education but have little expectation for their children to excel. They may have little or no relationship or trust towards the school or teachers. This low level of expectation is linked with a negative orientation towards school, a sense of indifference and alienation from education and influences the attendance and participation patterns of children (Boston, 2013) making further schooling beyond what is compulsory less likely (Duchesne et al., 2013). Parents with low educational achievement were also less likely to provide cognitively stimulating enrichment such as trips to libraries or specialist classes such as music lessons for their children (Duchesne et al., 2013). The third link between poverty and educational achievement is stress. Families living in poverty encounter employment uncertainty, poor financial stability, transience and often live in substandard overcrowded accommodation in neighbourhoods where violence is prevalent (Duchesne et al., 2013). These conditions of hardship are contributors to parental stress, relationship difficulties and mental health issues (Boston, 2013). Both Duchesne et al. (2013) and Boston (2013) assert a correlation between stress and maladaptive parenting behaviours (including a higher incidence of neglect and maltreatment) and lower levels of warmth and responsiveness in familial relationships. This situation undermines a child’s sense of security and self-esteem, identified as factors that may provide some resilience for children at risk from poverty (Duchesne et al., 2013). Stress also contributes to learnt helplessness and feelings of powerlessness. Children living in stressful environments, partic ularly substandard accommodation and more likely to suffer illness that impacts on learning. The transient nature of low socio economic households also has damaging educational outcomes. A fourth connection can be made between school factors and educational achievement. In the same way that a childs school outcomes are not purely as a result of their individual characteristics but subject to wider family and environmental influences, there are influential factors within schools themselves and their interactions with families that affect educational achievement for low SES children (Duchesne et al., 2013). McLloyd, 1998 (as cited in Duchesne et al., 2013) suggests that teachers often perceive students ability and behaviour more negatively for those from lower SES circumstances. Children from poverty were less likely to receive positive attention and reinforcement for academic achievement possibly attributable to lower teacher expectation for those students. Duchesne et al. (2013) highlights that there are a number of ways in which the relationship between schools and their families and communities contribute to educational disadvantage. Firstly, children whose home ex periences fit the style of the school experience better educational outcomes than those who dont. Secondly, a division may exist and be maintained between home and school where the values of the school and home differ with home values of lower SES families, particularly ethnic minorities, perceived as less valuable. In line with that, differing communication styles of home and school also serve to create a barrier for lower SES children with misunderstandings and conflict between the two environments. Lastly the perceptions of and about minority groups, who are often over represented in lower SES families, may be stereotypically based in wider societal beliefs. This can be exacerbated by practices within schools that reject or marginalise those students. Overall, these school factors can lead to withdrawal and alienation from the education system and poor outcomes for disadvantaged children. It is clear that children from lower SES backgrounds experience poor educational outcomes. The challenge of policy makers and educators is to work together collaboratively to mitigate the effects of child poverty on the education of our most vulnerable citizens. A 2014 report by the Child Poverty Action Group entitled Our Children, Our Choice sets out a number of measures which it asserts will alleviate some of the effects of poverty on childrens education. Its first recommendation is to develop culturally appropriate measures of the cognitive, affective, behavioural and developmental needs of new entrants. This data could then be used to make funding allocations to ensure children in poverty receive meaningful, enjoyable and empowering experiences to address their disadvantage, not a narrow focus on standards. In line with that, the reports second recommendation was to abandon national standards as they have been found ineffective, disadvantaging poor children’s learning and teaching in low decile schools. The third recommendation is the provision a 100% government subsidy to the lowest decile secondary schools for NCEA and scholarship examination fees. It also recommends providing NCEA subject pathway guidance to tertiary study on entry to secondary school for all students. In particular, academic counselling and target setting to improve outcomes for Pasifika students and extension of kura kaupapa MÄ ori and wharekura to more communities. The Child Poverty Action Group report from 2014 also highlighted some social measures to mitigate some of the environmental disadvantage experienced by children from low SES homes. Its first recommendation in that regard was to provide free breakfast and lunch for children in decile 1-4 schools. It extrapolated on that with an assertion that low decile schools have multi-agency services on site which would include social workers, health workers, alternative education programmes and providers and teen parent units. The Child Poverty Action Group (2014) highlight the recommendations of the Expert Advisory Group on Solutions to Child Poverty which suggest solutions also include expansion of the positive behaviour plans and extension of school-local community collaboration initiatives. The report also recommended a reduction in class sizes in lower decile primary schools and providing salary incentives to encourage quality teachers into schools in areas of low SES. Its final recommendati on was to retain the decile funding system principles currently in place, which are based on need and equality of outcome. In conclusion, there is substantial evidence of the correlation between socio economic deprivation and low levels of educational achievement. Boston (2013) asserts that child poverty, especially when experienced in early childhood and/or when persistent and severe, has damaging effects which are twofold firstly to the individual child but secondly the wider society. Child poverty contributes to the large educational achievement gaps between children with different SES backgrounds. The Child Poverty Action Groups measures target investment of resources and interventions towards those of highest need. Boston (2013) notes that the goal of such interventions is not merely to assist the children and families currently experiencing situations of disadvantage, but also to break the intergenerational cycle of poverty and its effect on educational achievement. By ensuring that more of the children from current low-income families achieve educational success, this will translate to improved o utcomes for the next generation. Children whose material circumstances, quality of life and experiences are improved through a multifaceted approach aimed at reducing child poverty will enjoy greater choices, opportunities and success and have more favourable educational outcomes. REFERENCES: American Psychological Association Task Force on Socioeconomic Status. (2007). Report of the APA Task Force on Socioeconomic Status. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications/task-force-2006.pdf Boston, J. (2013, May). Improving educational performance: why tackling child poverty must be part of the solution. Symposium conducted at the Poverty Impacts on Learning Conference, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved from http://igps.victoria.ac.nz/staff/team/Education and child poverty V4.pdf Child Poverty Action Group (2014). Our children, our choice: Priorities for policy. Retrieved from http://www.cpag.org.nz/assets/Publications/1-0 Our Children Our Choice Part 3.pdf Craig, E., Reddington, A., Wicken, A., Oben, G., Simpson, J. (2013). Child Poverty Monitor 2013 Technical Report (Updated 2014). Dunedin. New Zealand: Child Youth Epidemiology Service, University of Otago. Retrieved from http://nzchildren.co.nz/document_downloads/2013 Child Poverty Monitor Technical Report MASTER.pdf Davies, E., Crothers, C., Hanna, K. (2010). Preventing child poverty: barriers and solutions. New Zealand Journal of Psychology. 39 (2) 20-31. Duchesne, S., McMaugh, A., Bochner, S., Krause, K.-L. D. (2013).Educational psychology : for learning and teaching(4th ed.). South Melbourne, Vic.: Cengage Learning Every Child Counts (2010). Eradicating child poverty in New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.everychildcounts.org.nz/resources/child-poverty/ Fergusson, D. M., and Woodward, L.J. (2000). Family socioeconomic status at birth and rates of university participation. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, (1), 25. Gibb, S. J., Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J. (2012). Childhood family income and life outcomes in adulthood: Findings from a 30-year longitudinal study in New Zealand. Social Science Medicine(12), 1979. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.028

Teenage Drinking and Its Effects on the Development of Alcoholism Later

Teenage Drinking and Its Effects on the Development of Alcoholism Later Teenage drinking is something that goes on every day. No matter how many videos you show to kids about drinking they will still drink. Surveys show that the average teen seventeen and up spends $475.00 a year on liquor, mostly beer; that's more than books, soda, coffee, juice and milk combined. Most parents don't know about teenage drinking unless they catch their kids doing it. Parents usually say "oh, my my kid would never do that ", and they're the ones whose kids probably drink more that the average teen. One might ask, how do kids get alcohol? Alcohol is almost as easy to get as a carton of milk, except a teen has to get someone older like a friend, brother or even someone off of the street to purchase it. Another way underage teens get alcohol is a fake I.D. A lot of stores don't care, they just need to ask for an I.D. because they are being watched by security cameras. No matter what city your are in, one in every five stores will sell beer to a minor. If stores stop selling t o minors they would lose a lot of business. Looking at the surveys I took at Lincoln on this topic it can been seen what teens think about teenage drinking. The results were shocking! The first Question I asked was "Have you ever drank alcohol?" Of the students surveyed, 16% said no and 84% said yes. The second question was, "How often do you drink?" The results were on the average three to four drinks a week. The third question was, "How much do you usually drink?" The average number of beers was eight and the average number of shots was seven. The fourth question was, "Have you ever drank alcohol before driving and 68% said yes! One of the last questions I asked was, "What would you do if you killed someone drinking and driving?" The majority replied that they could not live with themselves. Just through talking to people and going to parties, I have seen most people drink to get drunk, not many people drink just a drink or two. Many students don't feel that drinking is a crime be cause they are not hurting any one unless they are driving drunk. Drinking is a crime and there are many penalties for the teen who chooses to break the law. For a first time offender a teen would be taken to jail , finger printed, and photographed. At the time of arrest, if drunk, one could be taken to detoxification (detox) ... ...His mother is a recovering alcoholic so he was familiar with what happened when he would lose control when he drank. His mother was very aware of the signs. His grades went down, he started skipping classes, he lied to his mother, he was hanging out with friends who drank a lot and were always in trouble. Fortunately, he was given a second chance and he is in a program that is helping him recover. Teen drinking and alcoholism can be treated if treatment is started early. There is no known cure for alcoholism, but alcoholics can lead productive lives with help. There are many organizations that can help alcoholics such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). and Rational Recovery Systems. There are also organizations that promote abstinence from drinking such as S.A.D.D. (Students Against Drunk Driving) and M.A.D.D. (Mothers Against Drunk Driving). It is important for parents to be aware of what their children are doing and who their friends are. Teenagers need to continue to be educated on the effects of alcohol and the dangerous situations it causes. Sources: #1. 1994 Monitoring the Future survey #2. Class notes Bibliography #1. 1994 Monitoring the Future survey #2. Class notes

Social Ostracism in Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

Social Ostracism in Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In the words of Pap, â€Å"You think you’re better’n your father, now, don’t you, because he can’t [read and write]?† (2). In Mark Twain’s adventure novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck Finn escapes from civilized society to traverse the Mississippi River. Throughout the book, Twain uses various themes such as social ostracism to comment on human nature and its role in shaping society. Sometimes mainstream society is not as right and moral as it believes, and when individuals try to justify it they push away their own humanity. Twain demonstrates this through the various lifestyles, comparing the intellects and beliefs of different social classes, and Huck’s conforming to each facet of society. One of the first instances Twain uses to portray sociological exclusion reveals itself in the contrast of lifestyles. Throughout his life both prior to and after his â€Å"murder,† circumstances expose Huck to opposing ways of life including but not limited to rich vs. poor and simple vs. complex. Personifying middle-class society, Widow Douglass acts as a mother figure for Huck, deeming it her duty to â€Å"sivilize† (1) her adopted son, dressing him well and sending him to school. On the contrary, Pap observes that â€Å"You’ve [Huck] put on [†¦] frills† and swears to take him â€Å"down a peg† (14). The two family icons pull Huck in opposite directions, but as influential as they may be, Huck knows he does not have a place in either world. If anything, Huck identifies more with the simplicity of Pap’s natural way of life than with the materialism of the middle-class of society. Willfully shunning both Pap and Widow Douglas, Huck finds a way to â€Å"keep Pap and the widow from following† him instead of moving â€Å"far enough off before they missed [Huck]† (31). Furthermore, a contrast of the characteristics of men and women presents itself when Huck attempts a reconnaissance mission as a girl in St. Petersburg. Huck cannot go as himself because society would catch him and return him to what he escapes from, but the way men and women live is different enough that they cannot impersonate each other. Although he practices and thinks he manages, Jim’s comment that Huck does not â€Å"walk like a girl† (41) does not do it justice. Almost instantly the woman Huck chooses to question sees through his disguise, explaining that Hi... ...inds a way to fit in only to find that he doesn’t belong—belonging to all societies, yet none of them. The only place where he finds relative peace is on the river. It is the only place where there is nothing to struggle against. Huck is a misfit wherever he goes, rejecting and rejected by mainstream society and every other accepted society that he finds along the river. Throughout his journey, Huck finds different ways of separating himself from society while being a part of it. He sees how quickly life changes and how lifestyles can affect a person. Further set apart by his views, Huck forsakes traditional beliefs for superstition and the balance of luck. Through his journey along the Mississippi River, Huck also understands how much intelligence changes. Feeling no affinity for any aspect of mainstream society he experiences, Huck willingly spurns what he knows as humanity for the society that suits him. At the close of his journey when Aunt Sally makes plans to â€Å"adopt [Huck] and sivilize [Huck],† Huck informs the reader that he has no desire to join high society—â€Å"[he] been there before† (220). *The paranthetical documentation is for the Dover Thrift edition of the book.

Analysis of Randall Jarrell’s “The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner” Essay

In today’s society, war is often perceived as glorious and mighty. Many movies leave out scenes of young soldiers throwing their lives away and thousands of people dying systematically in unheroic deaths. The poems, â€Å"The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner† and â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† attempt to touch on the issues of war. In these poems, the narrators uses imagery, diction and sorrow to show the brutality and sorrow of war. â€Å"The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner,† by Randall Jarrell speaks of both the futility of life and the callousness of war. The ball turret gunner had perhaps the most dangerous job of the crew. Once inside the ball turret, the gunner had little room to move and was very cramped. In this cramped space, the gunner faced extremely cold temperatures and had to squeeze into a fetal position: â€Å"From my mother’s sleep I feel into the State, / And I hunched in its belly till my wet fur froze† (1-2). These lines can be attributed to futility of life in that, in most cases, and especially in this poem, when the ball turret and gunner leaves the â€Å"womb† of the Air Force plane, by dropping out of the fuselage, he faces death. In relating this to actual childbirth, Jarrell was perhaps stating that whoever is born into this world must eventually face death, some sooner than others. Jarrell could also be giving us an insight into the callousness of war, himse lf being a combatant. Many times, those fighting are very young, barely out of training. Perhaps Jarrell is using this poem to convey the fear of many young airmen who were taken away from their mother’s comfort and shoved into this harsh environment. The next line, â€Å"Six miles from earth, loosed from its dream of life† (3), also displays the futility of life. The gunner, so far away from everything that was comforting and familiar to him, felt detached from what he knew of life. He knew it was only a matter of time before â€Å"[the gunner] woke to black flak and the nightmare fighter† (4). The enemy fighter planes are referred to ass â€Å"nightmare fighters† because they frighteningly awoke the gunner from the dream-state he was in so far away from what he knew of reality. Noting the futility of life, the flak and the nightmare fighters could be seen as the tribulations that face us once the womb, leading us closer and closer to death. Also noting on the callousness of w ar, Jarrell shows that these young combatants faced frightening dangers such as flak exploding around them and enemy fighter planes strafing them. The last line  of the poem is perhaps the harshest reference to the futility of human life and the coldness of war, especially in WWII. The gunner states that, â€Å"When I died they washed me out of the turret with a hose† (5). This line seems to state that human life, especially in war-time, is so expendable that the remains of the former gunner are simply hosed out of the plane, in order to make way for the next expendable piece of war fodder. This also gives a very graphic picture of war. Not only was this man killed, but he was so badly mutilated that the most efficient way to remove his remains were not with a coffin, but a hose. The futility of life, according to Jarrell, is once again brought up in that the very thing that the gunner depended on to keep him alive, the plane, is the very thing that ended his life. In the poem, â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est,† Wilfred Owen shows his hatred for the romanticizing of war and war in general. Owen clearly states his disgust for whose who have ever been in war, yet romanticized it as the ultimate patriotic sacrifice when he writes in lines 21-28, â€Å"If you could†¦you would not tell with such high zest/ To children ardent for some desperate glory, / The old lie dulce et decorum est/ Pro patria mori.† Just like Jarrell, Owen shows the gruesome aspect of war in his poem. Wilfred Owen implements large amounts of detail. For instance, line 2 provides vivid images of exhausted soldiers trudging through the battlefield on their knees: â€Å"Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge.† Owen’s uses of detail, along with other literary devices such as similes, contribute to the vivid and gruesome imagery in this poem. In line 1, Owen uses a simile to describe the crawling soldiers and also in line 14 when he describes the how the soldiers struggled to put on their gas masks. These images induce a feeling of disgust and gruesomeness. It seems that Owen’s main goal is to produce an image, using such vivid and gruesome imagery, that the reader is chilled at the thought of experiencing something like this. The tone that Owen uses is unchanging throughout the poem. His tone is one of sorrow and regret directed toward the effects of war on young men, and a cautionary tone, warning those who would be fooled into believing that war is some kind of great adventure that all men should experience. The last few lines of the poem reveal Owen’s sympathy for those, as himself, who were lied to about what war was and are now trapped by its everlasting effects on their psyche.  However, by doing this, it also cautions readers about the realities of war. Sorrow goes hand in hand with war. No matter which side one is on, people must die, and a good purpose does not justify death. There is nothing heroic about dying unnoticed, while killing others for a cause that has been forgotten. Most of our society does not want to die in the first place, much less be killed brutally and not have anyone take the time for grieving the loss. In both poems, the authors really did bring out the beast of war. War is not heroic, it is not glorious, and it certainly is not glorious to die unnoticed.

We only belong because we think we do

What if the world was a big disappointment? What if the way the world we espied wasn't that predictable? The hopes and dreams created to fulfill the emptiness has shifted and molded the perceptions of mankind to think that there is an innate ability to exist with the alliance of others, such as, with people of the same gender,age,interests and most importantly culture. Anthropologists and psychologists propose that Homo Sapiens are not born a self, rather the self is weakened by the surroundings the person is exposed to, known as the ‘significant other'.The significant other refers to ‘nuclear family, in other words the family you were born into that consists of- in most cases – a mother, a father and sibling(s). Thus, external sources have an impact as well, for instance, the ‘modern self. The modern self incorporates ideas such as language, thoughts and status that will cause the ‘self to be ranked. Further elaborating the so called ‘modern self groups those around them into a hierarchy of the cultivated all the way through to the not so cultivates – savage.Whether evolution occurred or not of apes transforming into humans, and whether e agree with it or not, many significant comparisons can't be obtained from that theory. A significant concept of the human race regarding skin color can be directed to Edward Thorniness theory of trial and error'. What does this theory suggest? Repeated errors continue until success if reached. Error, mutation in the human body repeatedly occurred during the past couple of billion years until ‘success' was finally reached; the current human body.Yes very debatable, but we can simply take this teary and implement it into our lives. Failure, what does it mean? Most of the time titer depressing, right? However, if failure is viewed from the same angle it was viewed during the study of evolution, it can be life changing. Failure led to success. Which means, technically there is not hing wrong with failing, if you invested a sufficient amount of effort. Sander's failure to be classified as White' rather than ‘colored' was a similar effect of trial and error theory. The back and forth classification of Sander's ‘label' is a motive of failure.People such as Sandra that Todd up against the law leaded the failure to success' in the time now. Through the hardships and discrimination that they faced helped those people in knows society to be respected and to be seen that they are Just the same as White' people despite the being a different color. The two unlike ideas of the White' and ‘colored' society uniting failed, however, Sandra found it less complicated and easier to conform to the black society than the white race, regardless of the disadvantages she had to face throughout time.Sander's trial was the contrast between the white and black society. The error was being born with the genes she inherited from both white parents that carried black a ncestry, which resulted in Sandra paying a price for it; rather then her parents. For many thousands of years the notion of belonging to somewhere or something was and still is a significant issue. The apartheid era in South Africa began in 1652, with the settlement of Jan Van Rebecca.The natives were criticized for their language, which was mockingly referred as ‘Hottentots', also they were describes to be the lowest of the low[that they adapted] a missing link between humans and pees'. This prejudging of natives exhibited, that the black natives of the country was a class whose weakness was inborn. When the foreigners arrived and observed the native black people they made a Judgment on their behavior that throughout their daily lives of working they were slow people that lacked energy therefore the foreigners concluded that their weakness was inborn.Accepting the native blacks for the Dutch foreigners was a hard limit, because they viewed that blacks low and themselves super ior. Becoming a part of a community that suffered with black and white skin color controversy meant a threat was adhered upon the individuals security, safety and shelter also incorporating that these factors are mentioned in Measles Hierarchy of Needs as the most important obligations for ones survival.As the artificial barriers were removed between socioeconomic classes, society was encouraged to build biological barriers, which allowed status to be ruled by DNA. The most obvious roles of skin is the social label it has on the individual. Skin pigment is inherited from our genetic makeup, but those with the wrong genes are placed in an environment where it is nearly impossible to escape from; known as the apartheid era.In most cases it is seen that ‘people with dark skins are, in most places, less successful, less healthy and – perhaps – less contented than those with light. Simply this statement was extracted from â€Å"In the Blood – God, Genes, Desti ny' by Steven Jones who stated the general public that thought this way. Thus, stating the obvious the black people are the ones who brought freedom' into today's society. Significant figures such as Muhammad All, Michael Jordan, Malcolm X, Nelson Mandela andSusan Bolt have made the apartheid issue a national problem and brought it to the realization of other people to declare freedom. Belong to a group is a vital need to every individual. However, belonging doesn't come with ease, it takes trial and error to succeed and keeping an open mind to changes. Throughout history it is evident to conclude that keeping an open mind and acceptance towards others around us will bring success and comfort. Thus, if we don't learn from the past there will still be controversy and superiority amount groups due to unethical matters.

Disaster Hit Japan Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Engineering Essay

IntroductionCatastrophe hit Japan Fukushima Daiichi atomic power station on March 11, 2011, Due to the broad release of radiation from the Chernobyl accident in 1986 and is far worse than the 1979 Three Mile Island accident in the United States. Unlike at Chernobyl and Three Mile Island, Fukushima devastation was initiated by natural catastrophes monolithic temblor and tsunami rather than equipment failure and human mistake. The tsunami knocked out the backup power systems needed to chill the reactors at the works, doing some of them to undergo runing fuel, H detonations and radioactive releases. Fukushima catastrophe surveies have identified alterations in the design, response actions, and other safety betterments that can be reduced or removed the sum of radiation released from the mill. As a consequence, Fukushima has prompted a re-examination of atomic safety demands around the universe, including the United States. Radioactive taint from the Fukushima works required the emptying of communities up to 25 stat mis off, which affects up to 100,000 people, many of them everlastingly banded from their places. Believed to hold prevented the transportation of radiation exposure among occupants of Nipponese regulative bounds in most instances. Near-term mortality and morbidity ensuing from radiation may non be believed ; even malignant neoplastic disease and other long-run wellness effects remain possible. Workers at the works exposed to radiation degrees far higher, with at least two suffered radiation Burnss on their pess after wading in contaminated H2O. Two other workers drown in the tsunami. Catastrophe recovery has absorbed on reconstructing the chilling systems at three of the most earnestly damaged reactors at the works six units and halt the radioactive emanations into air and H2O. The work has been affected by high radiation degrees in the works and the go oning terrible structural harm. Nipponese authorities declared December 16, 2011, that damaged the Fukushima reactors has reached â€Å" cold closure, † a milepost in the reactor chilling H2O is below the boiling temperature at atmospheric force per unit area. In the winter closing, the menace of progress releases of radioactive diminution may let some occupants to get down returning to the least contaminated emptying zone. Japan ‘s environment curate announced December 19, 2011 that about $ 15 billion was Provided for the taint of the works Fukushima Daiichi, an duty that has of all time occurred before. Complete decommissioning and leveling the works is expected to take 40 old ages, and the entire cost of catastrophes late expected by the commission of the Nipponese authorities exceeded $ 75 billion. Institute of Nuclear Power Operations ( INPO ) , a security organisation established by the U.S. atomic power industry after the Three Mile Island accident, publish a elaborate description of the Fukushima accident in November 2011. INPO study affords a timeline of actions taken in response to each unit Fukushima Daiichi works and the agreement of events taking to the chief reactor nucleus harm and radioactive release. It aims â€Å" to supply accurate, amalgamate beginning of information † about the event. However, the study notes, â€Å" Because of the extended harm at the site, some of the event inside informations are non known or have non been confirmed. The intent of this CRS study is to highlight facets of the Fukushima catastrophe that may bear on the safety of U.S. atomic workss and atomic energy policy in general. It gives a brief account of the Fukushima incident, including new inside informations provided by INPO studies, public discourse by the catastrophe, and a description of U.S. assistance given to Japan.DrumheadThe immense temblor and tsunami that struck Japan ‘s Fukushima Daiichi atomic power station on March 11, 2011, knocked out backup power systems that were needed to chill the reactors at the works, doing three of them to undergo fuel thaw, H detonations, and radioactive releases. Radioactive taint from the Fukushima works forced the emptying of communities up to 25 stat mis off and affected up to 100,000 occupants, although it did non do any immediate deceases. Tokyo Electric Power Company ( TEPCO ) operates the Fukushima atomic power composite in the Futaba territory of Fukushima prefecture in Northern Japan, dwelling of six atomic units at the Fukushima Daiichi station and four atomic units at the Fukushima Daini station. All the units at the Fukushima composite are boiling H2O reactors, with reactors 1 to 5 at the Fukushima Daiichi site being the General Electric Mark I design, which is besides used in the United States. The Fukushima Daiichi reactors entered commercial operation in the old ages from 1971 ( reactor 1 ) to 1979 ( reactor 6 ) . The Fukushima Daini reactors shut down automatically after the temblor and were able to keep sufficient chilling. When the temblor struck, Fukushima Daiichi units 1, 2, and 3 were bring forthing electricity and close down automatically. The temblor caused offsite power supplies to be lost, and backup Diesel generators started up every bit designed to provide backup power. However, the subsequent tsunami flooded the electrical switchgear for the Diesel generators, doing most AC power in units 1 to 4 to be lost. Because Unit 4 was undergoing a care closure, all of its atomic fuel had been removed and placed in the unit ‘s exhausted fuel storage pool. One generator continued runing to chill units 5 and 6. The loss of all AC power in units 1 to 3 prevented valves and pumps from operating that were needed to take heat and force per unit area that was being generated by the radioactive decay of the atomic fuel in the reactor cores. As the fuel rods in the reactor nucleuss overheated, they reacted with steam to bring forth big sums of H, which escaped into the unit 1, 3, and 4 reactor edifices and exploded ( the H that exploded in Unit 4 is believed to hold come from Unit 3 ) . The detonations interfered with attempts by works workers to reconstruct chilling and helped distribute radiation. Cooling was besides lost in the reactors ‘ spent fuel pools, although recent analysis has found that no important overheating took topographic point. Radioactive stuff released into the ambiance produced highly high radiation dosage rates near the works and left big countries of land uninhabitable, particularly to the Northwest of the works.Picture1. Japan Earthquake Epicentre and Nuclear Plant LocationsThe temblor on March 11, 2011, off the east seashore of Honshu, Japan ‘s largest island, reportedly caused an automatic closure of 11 of Japan ‘s 55 operating atomic power plants.5 Most of the closures proceeded without incident. However, the workss closest to the epicenter, Fukushima and Onagawa ( Refer picture 1 ) , were damaged by the temblor and ensuing tsunami. The Fukushima Daiichi works later suffered hydrogen detonations and terrible atomic fuel harm, let go ofing important sums of radioactive stuff into the environment.Picture 2.General Electric Mark I Boiling Water Reactor and Containment BuildingTokyo Electric Power Company ( TEPCO ) operates the Fukushima atomic power composite in the Futaba territory of Fuk ushima prefecture in Northern Japan, dwelling of six atomic units at the Fukushima Daiichi station and four atomic units at the Fukushima Daini station. All the units at the Fukushima composite are boiling H2O reactors ( BWRs ) , with reactors 1 to 5 at the Fukushima Daiichi site being the General Electric Mark I design ( Refer Picture 2 ) . The Fukushima Daiichi reactors entered commercial operation in the old ages from 1971 ( reactor 1 ) to 1979 ( Reactor 6 ) .Identifies whether the Fukushima atomic catastrophe is natural or man-made. Clearly explain your justification.Fukushima Daiichi atomic power works is located in the towns of Okuma and Futaba Japan. Commissioned in 1971, this works consists of six boiling H2O reactors which drove the electrical generators with a combined power of 4.7 GW, doing Fukushima Daiichi one of the 15 largest atomic power Stationss in the universe. Fukushima was the first atomic works to be designed, constructed and run in concurrence with General Electric, Boise, and Tokyo Electric Power Company ( TEPCO ) .The works suffered major harm from the 9.0 temblors and subsequent tsunami that hit Japan on March 11, 2011 and, as of today, is non expected to reopen. The temblor and tsunami disabled the reactor chilling systems, taking to atomic radiation leaks and triping a 30 kilometer emptying zone environing the works. On April 20, 2011, the Nipponese governments declared the 20 kilometer emptying zon e a no-go country which may merely be entered under authorities supervising. Although triggered by these cataclysmal events, the subsequent accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant can non be regarded as a natural catastrophe. Damage by the temblor and the consequent tsunami could non be ruled out as direct causes of the catastrophe, nevertheless. This determination may hold serious deductions for Japan ‘s integral atomic reactors, which were shut down following the Fukushima accident. An independent probe committee accused TEPCO and regulators at the atomic and industrial safety bureau of neglecting to take equal safety steps, despite grounds that the country was susceptible to powerful temblors and tsunamis, Fukushima atomic power works accident was the consequence of collusion between the authorities, the regulators and TEPCO, and the deficiency of administration. It besides said that, â€Å" They efficaciously betrayed the state ‘s right to be safe from atomic accidents. It is believed that the root causes were the organizational and regulative systems that supported faulty principles for determinations and actions, instead than issues associating to the competence of any specific person. Therefore, the independent probe committee concluded that the accident was clearly ‘man-made ‘ that could and should hold been foreseen and prevented.Carefully observed the industrial procedure and operation of the Fukushima atomic works.Any typical atomic reactor set aside Fukushima power works is merely portion of the life-cycle for atomic power. The procedure starts with uranium mines situated belowground, open-pit, or unmoved leach mines. Atoms of U are the largest and besides the heaviest known to happen on Earth. Bing heavy they are besides really unstable. The karyon of a uranium atom can easy interrupt up into two smaller pieces. This procedure is called fission. The two fragments so produced fly apart with enormous velocity. As they collide with other atoms in a ball of U they come to a halt. In the pr ocedure they heat up the uranium ball. This is how energy is released from the atom and converted to heat. The energy produced in fission is described as atomic energy by some and atomic energy by others. In any instance, the U ore is extracted, normally converted into a stable and compact signifier such as U308, and so transported to a processing installation. Here, the U308 is converted to uranium hexafluoride, which is so enriched utilizing assorted techniques. At this point, the enriched U, incorporating more than the natural 0.7 % U-235, is used to do rods of the proper composing and geometry for the peculiar reactor that the fuel is destined for. The fuel rods will pass about 3 operational rhythms ( typically 6 old ages entire now ) inside the reactor, by and large until approximately 3 % of their U has been fissioned, so they will be moved to a spent fuel pool where the short lived isotopes generated by fission can disintegrate off. After about 5 old ages in a spent fuel pool the spent fuel is radioactively and thermally cool plenty to manage and it can be moved to dry storage casks or reprocessed. Control of operation of the atomic power station involves two things. Regulation of power coevals to keep it at a safe and steady degree and secondly entire closure of the reactor really rapidly if needed. The power is kept changeless by the usage of what are known as adjustor rods. These are unstained steel rods. When these rods are introduced into the reactor vas, the concatenation reaction slows down and heat coevals beads. If the control rods are somewhat pulled out of the reactor vas, the concatenation reaction picks up and power degree rises. In another word if the reactor gets excessively hot, the control rods are lowered in and it cools down. If that does n't work, there are sets of exigency control rods that automatically drop in and close the reactor down wholly. To shutdown the reactor wholly, the heavy H2O is drained out of the reactor vas in a fraction of a 2nd. In the absence of heavy H2O in the vas, the concatenation reaction ceases wholly. Below shows the simple proce dure for easy apprehension of Fukushima atomic Power Plant and many others. Advantages of atomic power works Nuclear power costs about the same as coal Does non bring forth fume or C dioxide, so it does non lend to the nursery consequence Produces little sums of waste. Produces immense sums of energy from little sums of fuel. Nuclear power is dependable. Disadvantages of atomic power works Nuclear power is dependable, but a batch of money has to be spent on safety – if it does travel incorrect, a atomic accident can be a major catastrophe. Although non much waste is produced, it is really unsafe. It must be sealed up and buried for many 1000s of old ages to let the radiation to decease off. For all that clip it must be kept safe from temblors, implosion therapy, terrorists and everything else.Measure the impact of the Fukushima atomic catastrophe to the society, ecology, sociology and wellness.The prostration of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant caused a monolithic release of radioactive stuffs to the environment. A prompt and dependable system for measuring the biological impacts of this accident on animate beings has non been available. The monolithic release of radioactive caused physiological and familial harm to the pale grass blue Zizeeria Maha, a common lycaenid butterfly in Japan. Samples were collected in the Fukushima country in May 2011, some of which showed comparatively mild abnormalcies. The 1st coevals offspring from the first-voltine females showed more terrible abnormalcies, which were inherited by the newer coevals. Adult butterflies collected in September 2011 showed more terrible abnormalcies than those collected in May. Similar abnormalcies were by experimentation reproduced in persons from a non-contaminated country by external and internal low-dose exposures. It is apparent that unreal radionuclides from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant caused physiological and familial harm to this species. The ternary catastrophe has highlighted and compounded such preexistent underlying issues as falling birth rates, the fragmenting of the household unit, and the shrinkage of local communities. During the five old ages before the catastrophe, birth rates had been steadily falling in Japan. The now day-to-day concerns about radiation degrees, safe nutrient and H2O have left many immature twosomes unwilling to take on the perceived hazardous undertaking of raising kids in a unsafe environment. The prevailing tendency during the pre-quake old ages, brought about chiefly by deficiency of economic development in local communities, had been for immature people to go forth their small towns to seek higher-paid occupations in the larger towns and metropoliss, merely returning place for vacations and other jubilations. The immediate effect of this has been the diminution of small town communities. The longer-term effect will be the eroding of regional individuality, at a clip when, more than of all time, communities affected by the temblor need their younger coevals. Predicted future malignant neoplastic disease deceases due to accrued radiation exposures in the population life near Fukushima have ranged from none to 100 to a non-peer-reviewed â€Å" guestimate † of 1,000. On 16 December 2011, Nipponese governments declared the works to be stable, although it would take decennaries to decontaminate the environing countries and to decommission the works wholly.Outline the actions taken by Tokyo Electric Power Company ( TEPCO ) , authorities and the regulative organic structure during the happening of the Fukushima atomic catastrophe.Roadmap towards the decommissioning of Units 1-4 of TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi N uclear Power Station Cold Shutdown Condition is maintained at Unit 1-3. Measures to complement position monitoring are being implemented. Probe of the interior of Unit 1 PCV and installing of PCV thermometer and H2O gage Installation of Unit 2 RPV alternate thermometer Countermeasures against accrued H2O increased by groundwater invasion Groundwater invasion bar ( Groundwater beltway ) Removal of radioactive stuffs ( Multi-nuclide remotion equipment installing ) Storage of contaminated water/treated H2O ( Additional armored combat vehicles ) Continue execution of steps to minimise the impact of radiation on the country outside the power station Effective radiation dose decrease at the site boundaries Decrease of densenesss of radioactive stuffs included in the saltwater in the port Preparation for fuel remotion from the spent fuel pool is in advancement Debris remotion from the upper portion of Units 3-4 Reactor Building and cover installing for fuel remotion at Unit 4 Soundness probe of the fresh ( unirradiated ) fuel in Unit 4 spent fuel pool Procuring a sufficient figure of workers and work safety Guaranting the APD use and coaction with concerted companies Heat stroke bar Research and development for fuel dust remotion and radioactive waste processing and disposal Decontamination of the interior of edifices and development of the comprehensive radiation dose decrease program Probe and fix of the escape on the underside of the PCV Understanding and analysing the status of the interior of the reactor Word picture of fuel dust and readying for fuel dust processing Radioactive waste processing and disposal Strengthening of Research and Development direction Future program for research Centres Research and Development Management Headquarters Procuring and furthering human resources from a long- and-midterm position Apart from all those mentioned above, Japan have besides taken a good deal more measure as per below during the happening of the atomic power works catastrophe Probes of the Nipponese Lower House New legal limitations for exposure to radiation proposed Request for decommissioning the Tokai Daini Power works Fukushima wants all 10 atomic reactors scrapped TEPCO petition for authorities compensation At least 1 trillion hankerings needed for decontamination Majority of Nipponese atomic reactors taken off line Excess staff members for Kiev embassy Energy argument changed in Japan 40 twelvemonth bound for life span of atomic reactors Food-aid used to take down frights for contaminated nutrient abroad Okuma asked to be declared as no-go-zone Delay of linear closure in Fukushima No return-zone Evacuation zone partial lifted Monitoring the impact of radiation-exposure at the wellness of occupants Testing School tiffins Stress-tests Debris disposal Interim Storage installation Condemnable charges against NISA, NSA and TEPCO Compensation standards for former occupants of the emptying zonesPropose effectual preventative action to be strengthen by Tokyo Electric Power Company ( TEPCO ) in re-examine the atomic works safety.Before the Fukushima Dai-ichi atomic catastrophe, TEPCO did non put in topographic point tsunami protection steps as portion of its accident direction plan. The TEPCO ‘s steps against a state of affairs, in which reactor nucleuss are earnestly damaged by a natural catastrophe other than a tsunami, were besides rather lacking. This came to visible radiation from the testimony of several TEPCO functionaries during hearings conducted by this Investigation Committee. At the Fukushima Dai-ichi, three of its atomic reactors got severe coincident harm. After deluging cut off all power supply, there was no defence at all to cover with this, doing it highly hard to get by with the state of affairs. One can merely reason that TEPCO ‘s deficiency of anterior accident direction steps to cover with a tsunami was an highly serious job. However below are the guidelines TEPCO should see in re-examining the works safety The demand for independency and transparence Organizational readiness for Swift and effectual exigency response Recognition of its function as a supplier of disaster-related information to Japan and the universe Retention of ace human resources such as greater specialised expertness Attempts to roll up information and get scientific cognition Palingenesis Lack of terrible accident readiness for tsunamis Lack of consciousness of the branchings of a multidimensional catastrophe Lack of an across-the-board positionDecisionTepco Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident was the consequence of collusion between the authorities, regulators and the [ private works operators ] Tepco, and the deficiency of administration by the said party. They efficaciously betrayed its right to be safe from a atomic accident. Therefore, we concluded that the accident was clearly â€Å" semisynthetic † . We believe that the cause of the organisation and ordinance instead than issues related to the competency of any peculiar person. All the right failed to develop the most basic safety demands – such as measuring the chance of harm, ready to incorporate the indirect harm from any catastrophe, and develop emptying programs for the populace in instance of a serious release of radiation.